Prejudice in The Song of Roland Essay - 1718 Words

Prejudice in The Song of Roland Unfortunately, the role of ignorance and jealousy combining to breed fear and hatred is a recurring theme in history ultimately exhibiting itself in the form of prejudice. As demonstrated through the altering of historical events in The Song of Roland, the conflict between the Christian and Islamic religions takes precedence over the more narrow scope of any specific battle and is shaped, at least in part by the blind perception of a prejudice born of the ignorance and envy Christian Europe had for representatives of the non-Christian world. To fully see this prejudice and its effect on the participants, it is necessary to recognize the circumstances of the real battle along with the altering†¦show more content†¦Until the time of the crusades, Christians and Muslims had interacted at least on a surface level through trade activities. Christian Europe had been exposed to the wealth and knowledge of the Arabic world; however, with the movement to the crusades the attitude tow ards the Muslims shifted to one of religious intolerance. Recognizing that Roland deals with issues that are germane to the Europe of the crusades helps to establish the connection between the religious intolerance that had begun to surface in Europe and the events of the poem. Before examining the text for details, the two major forces need to be examined more closely. In the events recounted in The Song of Roland, the protagonists are the Latin Christians who follow the teachings of the Pope in Rome. Up until the time of Charlemagne the peoples of Western Europe fall into a category described by historians as barbarians (Koeller). They were illiterate, loosely structured warrior bands built around the semi-nomadicShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Theme Of The Song Of Roland1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Song of Roland is the foundation of the French literary tradition. One of the earliest poems written in French, it describes the process by which France left behind its Germanic past as a loose confederation of powerful families and accepted its future as a Christian nation united by loyalties to king and country. This story is told as a clash of powerful personalities who are together engaged in a holy war against the Muslims in Spain. Unfortunately, the role o f ignorance and jealousy combiningRead MoreEssay about Christendom and The Song of Roland1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe Song of Roland is the oldest epic poem in French, written by an anonymous poet, composed in between late eleven century to twelfth century. This epic poetry holds an important place in the history of France and invention of Christendom. The Song of Roland is a cultural artifact that takes us to the journey of Medieval Europe, when religion becomes an important element for the formation of proto-Europe. Religion plays a crucial role in The Song of Roland and becomes the reason of criticism. SomeRead MoreElijah Hansen-Lints | | Hstam 112 | | 2.28.2017 | | Paper1897 Words   |  8 PagesElijah Hansen-Lints | | HSTAM 112 | | 2.28.2017 | | Paper 3 Prompt: Analyze and compare the depictions of Islam and Muslim society in the Song of Roland and the Life of Saint Louis It is important to note that Islam and Muslim society as a whole is depicted differently by different scholars. The depiction of the Muslim culture is mainly prejudicial and biased based on the faith and beliefs of the scholars. Most Christian scholars have consistently and unapologetically presented Islam and MuslimRead MoreMiddle Ages: The Beginning of a Rebirth in Literature Essay898 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel, â€Å"†¦the Pope, considering the virtue of King Arthur and the prowess of Sir Launcelot, issued a bull charging King Arthur, on pain of excommunication of the whole of Britain, to be reconciled to Sir Launcelot and to restore the queen without prejudice† (507). The pope began to intervene in the unfaltering war between King Arthur and Sir Launcelot. They both agreed to the circumstances and the war ceased. Malory also displays all subdivisions of the pyramid, â€Å"†¦the commoners arose with a tumultuousRead MoreIslamophobia in America Essay2004 Words   |  9 Pageswith disgust when speaking on the (for lack of a better term) ludicrous behavior associated with people considered Islamophobes. For those who do not already know, Islamophobia is prejudice against, hated towards, or irrational fear of Muslims. Terminologically, Islamophobia came about in the late 1980’s; yet this prejudice against hatred towards [those belonging to] the Islam culture especially escalated, in America, after the September 11th, 2001 attack on the three World Trade Centers in New YorkRead MoreHouse Music Essay1850 Words   |  8 Pagesintoxicated with hate and prejudice but there were two cubs which were ready to accept the new culture which did not care about race or sexual orientation. The two clubs where The Warehouse in Chicago and The Paradise Garage in New York. The Chicago club was presided over by DJ Frankie Knuckles; and the Paradise Garage in New York was presided over by DJ Larry Levan. Even though their styles were different, the tw o clubs and two DJs were connected with strong fight against the prejudice. Levan and KnucklesRead More The American Counterculture and The Vietnam War Essay3595 Words   |  15 Pagesimportant was the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War was the most publicly protested war in the history of the country. There were many new forms of protesting used at this time. The most mainstream and effective way of protest was through song. The lyrics of the songs of the sixties were laced with anti-government and anti-war messages that were sometimes hidden and sometimes direct. The generation responsible for the new music was the Baby Boomers. These were the children of conservative war veteransRead MoreThe US Rogue States and the Dialogue with North Korea1921 Words   |  8 Pageswhether certain states are seen as a threat to the global order is â€Å"more closely linked to whether countries are perceived to be friendly toward the United States† (96), apparently it is not as much about their actual behaviour. Additionally, this prejudice, connected with negativ e label, is preventing the further dialogue with the rogue states making it rather difficult for them to progress and be approached by other world powers. The most complex and distinctive relation of all is one with North KoreaRead MoreWomen in Raja Raos Kanthapura5333 Words   |  22 Pagesnovel could be read also as a rite de passage undertaken by Indian women during the struggle for Swaraj—a process which led these women to re-examine archaic institutions that they had unquestioningly accepted for so long, to abandon many of their prejudices, and to control their destiny in a way they were not able to do before. The level of emancipation achieved, of course, is very limited; what is patent, however, is that these women who initially banded themselves together to battle the Raj succeedRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesout of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God.†30 Garveys own longing was for the day when the people of the African diaspora could â€Å"lay down our burden and rest our weary backs and feet by the banks of the Niger and sing our songs and chant our hymns to the God of Ethiopia.†31 As Dale Bisnauth points out, the early leaders of the Rastafarian movement, by their acquaintance with Pan-Africanist movements in general and Garveyism in particular, must have been cognizant of the

The Pros and Cons of Adolf Hitler Essay - 2475 Words

According to historians from the BBC article (Hitler’s Leadership Style, Geoffrey Megargee), Adolf Hitler was one of the greatest people to lead a whole nation in history. Similar to any great leader, he lead, inspired, and guided millions of Aryans of all ages and genders to believe they were more superior and pure than all of the other existing races and ethnicities. Hitler came to power in 1933 when Germany was recovering from its recession as well as depression from World War I. Similar to any other leader, Hitler had one motive, and that was to rebuild the lives and the entire country to give them confidence and believing they were a phenomenal group of people. In order for Hitler to make sure his goal was accomplished, he†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, the majority of them were killed in action, and the soldiers who survived suffered from severe Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. To be honest, I thought that was one of the most selfish actions any leader would commit to make sure their goals were accomplished. According to the Britannica Encyclopedia, the word Aryan derived from â€Å"a people who were said to speak an archaic Indo-European language and who were thought to have settled in prehistoric times in ancient Iran and the northern Indian subcontinent. The theory of an ‘Aryan race’ appeared in the mid-19th century and remained prevalent until the mid-20th century (â€Å"Britannica†).† â€Å"These words became known to European scholars in the 18th century. The shifting of meaning that eventually led to the present-day sense started in the 1830s, when Friedrich Schlegel, a German scholar who was an important early Indo-Europeanist, came up with a theory that linked the Indo-Iranian words with the German word Ehre, honor, and older Germanic names containing the element ario-, such as the Swiss warrior Ariovistus who was written about by Julius Caesar. Schlegel theorized that far from being just a designation of the Indo-Iranians, the word *arya- had in fac t been what the Indo-Europeans called themselves, meaning something like the honorable people. (This theory has since been called into question.) Thus Aryan came to be synonymous with Indo-European,Show MoreRelatedDbq Causes of Wwii1581 Words   |  7 PagesWar II causes that led to World War II included German attempt of imperialism in Europe, pro-appeasement ideologies towards German military expansion, and ignoring con-appeasement ideologies towards German military expansion. Documents1, 3, and 4 support the idea that one of the causes that led to World War II included Germany’s attempt of imperialism. Document 1, an excerpt from Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler, explains some of Hitler’s ideas of forming a regime first in order to gain lands that hadRead MoreThe Worst Dictator Of The World1057 Words   |  5 PagesThe worst dictator in the whole world Adolf Hitler is the world s worst dictators. Hitler was a German politician, he is the leader of the Nazi party. He is also the German Chancellor. Since the Nazi dictator, who started World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, is the central figure in the Holocaust. He was born in a German-speaking Austrian and improve family Linz nearby. He was transferred to Germany in 1913. He added he in World War I, he was decorated service inRead MoreNazi Germany Positive And Negative Effects On The World War I1731 Words   |  7 Pageslosing the war, they lost territory, accepted the blame for causing World War I and there was also the near elimination of the Germany army. This all lead Germany into suffering badly through the Great Depression. The Nazi party and their leader Adolf Hitler brought the Totalitarian rule into place and promised the German people a better life. Totalitarianism was used by the Nazi party to have control of education, militarism, propagan da, economic policies and their power to elimination any of theRead MoreEssay about Great Leaders703 Words   |  3 Pages and devotion. Great leaders from the past were George Washington, Adolf Hitler, Martin Luther King, and Winston Churchill. A great leader isn’t just someone who has guided people to accomplish great feats, but someone who’s able to get followers to support them no matter what. A leader is a person who is most successful or advanced in a particular area. Successful leaders were those with control, influence, and power. Hitler was a good leader because he was able to recruit people who would doRead MoreGun Control and the Second Ammendment to the Constitution Essay544 Words   |  3 Pageshas a gun is 4.5 times more likely to get shot during an assault than people who don’t have a gun. Civilian disarmament empowers not only relatively small-time murderers†¦but also paves the way of major-league mass murderers. Such as Adolf Hitler. The medical literature con gun violence is biased, riddled with serious errors in facts, logic, and methodology, and thus utterly unreliable (38). Handgun ownership has increased about 3.5 times more than the population increase since the end of world was 2Read MoreNazi Film Melodrama By Laura Heins1421 Words   |  6 Pagesthat they are powerful. The arts in all and any of its forms has the power to move masses, it has the power to either end or start movements. Adolf Hitler knew the power the arts had, he knew that controlling art would allow him to control culture and in turn allow him to control people. The control of the arts was key to the success Nazi Germany had. It was Adolf Hitler’s belief that Germany’s destiny was to lead in terms of culture; Germany had to set the example of prime European culture. Some examplesRead MoreBritish Foreign Policy During The Period From 19191147 Words   |  5 PagesVersailles is regarded as one of the biggest flounders in pol itical history. Although, it was the treaty that ended the Great War it also led to the uprising of one of the most terrible dictators to ever walk this earth, Adolf Hitler. The cons of the is treaty outweighed the pros in that it put too much stress as well as blame on Germany for a war that they arguably did not start. The blame should have been spread among all who were involved in the war, as there were many secret alliances during wartimeRead MoreSummary : Constitution, Liberty, And The Torah Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pages1934 came, President Hindenburg passed away. This coming into play of all that is happening, allowed Hitler to conjoin the two positions of presidency and positions of chancellor into one. When this happened Hitler was crowned with the ultimate name, Fuehrer, and Reich Chancellor. Thus making him infamously powerful, and allowing him to force a dictatorship upon Germany. As soon as Hitler was named chancellor he made a great fossil in history, not just to the Country of Germany, but toRead MoreThe Worst Dictator Of The World1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe worst dictator in the whole world Adolf Hitler is the worst dictator in the whole world. Hitler was a German politician, and he was the leader of the Nazi party. He was also the Chancellor of Germany. As the dictator of the Nazi, he started World War II in Europe with the incursion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust. He was born into a German-speaking Austrian family and raised near Linz. He was moved to Germany in 1913. He was decorated during his serviceRead MoreThe Crimean Crisis: History Repeats Itself1218 Words   |  5 Pagesthe historical mistreatment of Ukrainians by Russia, the United Nations and NATO should support Ukrainian sovereignty, which may ultimately prevent Russia from not only absorbing Crimea, but also the entire Ukrainian nation. On February 27, 2014, pro-Russian troops seized control of much of the Crimean peninsula following the Ukrainian Revolution that overthrew the Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych after months of protests. The military forces took control of the Crimean parliamentary and Council

Critical Behavioral Assumptions in Evacuation †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Critical Behavioral Assumptions in Evacuation. Answer: Introduction: The main problem which looms on the prospect and one which almost certainly is previously upon us and exerts its special effects is the occurrence of the Global Warming. This can be argued continuously if the Global Warming is human made or if it's a logically occurring fact, however, the experimental confirmation positively shows that the Global Warming is without a doubt occurring (?en, 2017). The mainstream verdict of the methodical commune points in the direction of the concept that the Global Warming situation is at least partially human made and bring about from side to side the emission of so called emerald/green house gases like carbon dioxide and methane, that causes the earth ambience to keep hold of more warmth (Nilrit and Sampanpanish, 2012). Moreover based on CPU climate model, it is planned that Global Warming shall carry on with a potentially awful penalty for vast statistics of individuals living on this globe (?en, 2017). There are quite a lot of things we can perform so as to resolve the predicament of global warming. One resolution is to discontinue producing the C02. This can be done by our switch from coal, oil, and gas to the renewable power. an additional explanation is to fix more plants. The plants soak up the carbon dioxide and manufacture oxygen, which is not a hothouse gas (?en, 2017). Yet another resolution is to make use of the less power and to reprocess more merchandise. Our individual vehicles are a foremost reason for global warming. Together, trucks and cars explanation for almost one-fifth ofallUS emission, emit around 24 pounds of co2 plus additional global-warming gas for each gallon of gas. Regarding five pounds come from the removal, manufacture, and liberation of the petroleum, while the huge volume of heat-trapping emission which is almost more than 19 pounds for each gallon come accurately out of a car (Cohan and Sengupta, 2016). The hothouse or the green houses gas emission from transport first and foremost come from ablaze fossil fuel for our trucks, cars, trains, ships and the planes. in excess of 90 percent of the petroleum used for transport is fuel based, that includes fuel and diesel (Nilrit and Sampanpanish, 2012). Worldwide temperature enhance by 0.9F (0.5C) in excess of the precedent century has led to an approximate 150,000 death plus the hammering of around 5.5 million DALYs which stands for the disability-adjusted life years per annum, by means of the tariff expected to twofold over the subsequently a number of decades (Bhattacharjee, 2010). The WHO which denotes the World Health Organization has recognized 39 new-fangled or re-emerging disease since the year 1960s, numerous concurrent to the global warming an angry outburst of illness which has not been witnessed ever since the manufacturing Revolution when heaps of individuals stimulated to the cities, thus growing the increase of sickness (Bhattacharjee, 2010).As worldwide typical weather change produces tremendous conditions events, such as hurricane and flood, a spike in the occurrence of other weather conditions receptive disease can be likely (Lindell and Prater, 2007).Radiator temperature plus a higher concentration of co2 in the ambience rouse some plant life to grow quicker, mature in advance, or manufacture more powerful allergens. Ordinary allergens like the ragweed appear to act in response predominantly well to the advanced concentration of carbon di oxide as do annoying plant life such as toxin ivy (Bhattacharjee, 2010). The allergy-related disease position among the generally widespread and constant illness which can show the way to subordinate output. Three main ingredients warm air, sunlight and the toxic waste from power plant life and cars ablaze petroleum and the fuelunite to manufacture a ground-level ozone called as the smog, that human practice as unfortunate air superiority. Superior air temperatures augment to the smog, if daylight, remnant fuel contamination, and air current stay the equivalent (Cohan and Sengupta, 2016). Well-organized vehicle uses a smaller amount gas to take a trip the same remoteness as their fewer efficient counterpart. When we are on fire less petroleum, produce fewer emissions. When the emission goes downwards, the speed of global warming becomes slow (Wang and Dong, 2010). Cleaner fuelscreate a smaller amount of emission at the time it is burned. Some fuels like all those which are made from the cellulosic biofuels are capable to reduce emission level byalmost around 80 percentin comparison to the gasoline (Wang and Dong, 2010). And the improved system would assist put off the fuel wedomake use of from reaching any level of dirt. Electric trucksand cars use the electrical energy as firewood; produce a smaller amount of emissions in comparison to their conservative counterpart. When the electrical energy comes from the renewable source, all-electric vehicle creates almost zero emission to force (Huboyo, Handayani, and Samadikun, 2017). These and previous solution are at this time nowadaysbut additional can be prepared. study more concerning our table toHalf the Oil, or discover outwhat can be done refer the clean vehicles (Matsumoto, Oshima and Iwamoto, 2014). The significance of behavioural alter in preventive damaging emission has been all the time more realized, but its outlook position as a way of influence technical alter and essential speculation has not up till now been extensively documented or experienced (Huboyo, Handayani and Samadikun, 2017). The result of labours to change person behaviour based on an examination of particular worldwide practice being pursued mainly by a two-pronged scheme is the topic matter of this explanation. The mountainous and the polar region of the globe are particularly susceptible to the climate revolutionize. The enormous amount of snowstorm and ice in the chilly region operate asnatural air conditionersnot as they're ice-covered, but as their light-colour surface width vast area, shimmering for the most part of the sunshine that hit them v. If the hoarfrost melt, the dark surface under (whether land or sea) absorb a great deal of the sunshine, like tarmac road surface, does on a burning day (Huboyo, Handayani and Samadikun, 2017). That help to haste further warm and melt in whats recognized as an optimistic advice loop. Many vegetation and natural world stay alive within a tapered range of extremely precise climate situation. As a type of weather zones budge, some vegetation and the natural world are adapting, but so many of the others are less-well capable of doing this in the desired manner. References Bhattacharjee, P. (2010). Global Warming Impact on the Earth.International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, pp.219-220. Cohan, D. and Sengupta, S. (2016). Net greenhouse gas emissions savings from natural gas substitutions in vehicles, furnaces, and power plants.International Journal of Global Warming, 9(2), p.254. Huboyo, H., Handayani, W. and Samadikun, B. (2017). Potential air pollutant emission from private vehicles based on vehicle route.IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 70, p.012013. Lindell, M. and Prater, C. (2007). Critical Behavioral Assumptions in Evacuation Time Estimate Analysis for Private Vehicles: Examples from Hurricane Research and Planning.Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 133(1), pp.18-29. Matsumoto, Y., Oshima, T. and Iwamoto, R. (2014). Effect of Information Provision around Signalized Intersection on Reduction of CO2 Emission from Vehicles.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 111, pp.1015-1024. Nilrit, S. and Sampanpanish, P. (2012). Emission Factor of Carbon Dioxide from In-Use Vehicles in Thailand.Modern Applied Science, 6(8). ?en, Z. (2017). Global warming quantification by innovative trend template method.International Journal of Global Warming, 12(3/4), p.499. Wang, C. and Dong, S. (2010). Is the basin-wide warming in the North Atlantic Ocean related to atmospheric carbon dioxide and global warming?.Geophysical Research Letters, 37(8).

The milkman and the catalogue man Essay Example For Students

The milkman and the catalogue man Essay Mrs Johnstone is uncomfortable about the agreement and questions about it to Mrs Lyons, why did we have to do that?, this shows that Mrs Johnstone is afraid and discontented about this pact because she knows that it will be hard on her to keep such secret, this also creates tension because the audience know that Mrs Johnstone has regrets and makes us wonder if she is going to keep this secret. When the narrator says, How quickly, an idea, planted, he means that this decision with having a baby for Mrs Lyons wasnt decided properly and was a quick decision which will cause problems later on. We will write a custom essay on The milkman and the catalogue man specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Mrs Johnstone knows that coping with nine children is difficult, and has many financial problems, we realize this when the catalogue man says that she is twelve weeks behind in your payment. Mrs Johnstones song also shows her problems with money when she sings, Living on the never never, constant as the changing weather, this shows that she has debt and has to repay lots of money to people, this creates tension because we wonder if she will continue this way and if she will ever repay the milkman and the catalogue man. After the twins were born, Mrs Johnstone did not inform Mrs Lyons, theyre born, you didnt notify me says Mrs Lyons; this shows us that Mrs Lyons is too keen and over possessive and wants her child straight away, this also creates tension because we know that Mrs Johnstone has regrets and makes us wonder is she is going to break the binding agreement. Here the relationship and attitude between Mrs Lyons and Mrs Johnstone is quite the opposite from the friendly gesture when they first met, Mrs Lyons is too desperate but Mrs Johnstone is reluctant but has no choice but to give one away, Dont tell me which one. Just take him, take him, this shows that she is trying not to be involved in the separation of the twins, however the same tension continues about the agreement and the promise being broken. Mrs Johnstone continues to work for Mrs Lyons as a cleaner and continuously sees Edward Lyons, glances into the cot, beaming and cooing, however Mrs Lyons feels uncomfortable with Mrs Johnstone around the baby and also nervous that she may give the secret away in front of Mr Lyons who is standing there. Here we discover that Mrs Lyons feels insecure about Edward, and the motherhood behaviour of Mrs Johnstone shows us that she still loves her children. This also shows us the relationship between the two women because Mrs Lyons does not want Mrs Johnstone to interfere and come in the way. Mrs Lyons decides to fire Mrs Johnstone and tries to do it in a friendly manner, we both think it would be better if u leftyour work has deteriorated and she pushes a fifty pound note into Mrs Johnstones hand. Then tension starts to create as conflicts starts between the two women, If Im going, Im takin me son with me, here dramatic tension is created as we wonder if shell leave with or without her son. This also shows that Mrs Johnstone still doesnt want to know the fact that they are separated and still wants to act as a mother to the child. Both mother and mums attitude show that they are equally desperate and over possessive. When Mrs Lyons says if either twin learns that once was a pair, they shall both immediately die to Mrs Johnstone, we realize that she has turned into superstition and is using it as defence against Mrs Johnstone and we wonder if this superstition will come true, Mrs Lyons uses this superstition as a threat and as defence for Edward. .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 , .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 .postImageUrl , .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 , .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473:hover , .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473:visited , .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473:active { border:0!important; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473:active , .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473 .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5794ca7fcd28bca32e9925d103e3c473:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Beloved Essay IndependenceSome time after this incident, Mrs Lyons confronts Mrs Johnstone and accuses her of ruining her. In this scene we see Mrs Lyons loosing complete control and revealing her possessive and obsessive nature in full. Here we feel great sympathy for Mrs Johnstone and we realise that despite having very little money to offer her children, she is more kind and reasonable of the two mothers. Mrs Johnstone continues to love her children, and Mickey at the age of seven was loved the most, we know this because, Mrs Johnstone grabs Mickey and hugs him, she does this because she has already lost one child and does not want to loose another, this creates tension because we wonder if this motherly bond between her and her son is ever going to break down. At this point Mrs Lyons is forgotten and everything is a focus on Mrs Johnstone and the love of motherhood she gives to Mickey, the separated twin. From these scenes we learn that motherhood is shared out between Mrs Johnstone with eight children and Mrs Lyons with one child of Mrs Johnstone. We also learn that tension continues through out, with the secret pact and whether it was going to be broken, which did at the end and unfortunately causes a fatal calamity of death. However, the two women love both their children and child in different ways, Mrs Lyons shows motherhood through teaching manners, discipline and giving love, whereas Mrs Johnstone shows love through emotion and the time she spends with Mickey.  Overall I think that one mother is not better than the other and the motherly bond between mother and child was equally shared.

Ecommerce, comparison essays

Ecommerce, comparison essays I believe that the most representative storefront website in the internet is Amazon.com. While Amazons cosmetic design has been very consistent during all these years, I believe that the key to Amazons success is no solely based on its technical virtues, but a flexible and innovative business plan. While there are many online bookstores with very well designed online storefronts, these websites are just an extra sales point and not the main source of sales. On the other hand, Amazons website is their only point of sales, and what many thought was a weakness, actually became its key to success. A website storefront costs a fraction of what it takes to open the equivalent nationwide network of stores, and at the same time, it means that resources can be focused on issues more directly related to customer satisfaction. Instead of having to stock hundreds of separate stores nationwide, Amazons centralized warehouse was able to offer the largest selection of books to all of its customers. Accessing the store through the internet allowed Amazon to gather information about their customers with almost 0 overhead costs. By recording what each customer browses, Amazon has the equivalent of an individual marketing survey for each of its customers. While other stores try to have the best collection of books to match their customers, based on location, economic level and other factors, Amazon was able to tailor their virtual storefront on a per-customer basis, maximizing customer perceived value. Of course, none of these would matter if the website did not work, or if it was unreliable. Amazons CEO, Jeff Bezos, not only identified an opportunity where none saw one, but he also had the discipline to give it a solid implementation. Amazons web site has always been the usability standard to which other storefronts are gauged. ...

Write My Killing of 3 Muslim-American College Students Essay Cheap

Write My Killing of 3 Muslim-American College Students Essay Cheap Hashtag: #ChapelHillShooting The Motive and Potential Causal Factor Three innocent Muslim-American college students have been shot dead in their home at Chapel Hill. Deah Shaddy Barakat was a doctoral student at UNC-Hill’s School of Dentistry, while his wife Yosur and her sister Razan were students of the nearby University of California. The gunman, Craig Stephen Hicks who describe himself as a supporter of an â€Å"Atheist for Equality† and a student of Paralegal Studies in Durham Technical Community College gave himself up to the police minutes later. The police initially said that the motive for the killings was a parking dispute. However, the suspect’s Facebook page showed several pictures of Hicks with atheist slogan and images mocking religion such as the United Atheist of America with â€Å"Why radical Christians and radical Muslims are so opposed to each other’s influence when they agree about so many ideological issues†. Hicks also shared a picture of a loaded 38 revolver, a holster, and 5 extra rounds of speed loader. Speculations about the motive are a hate crime and victims’ Islamic faith while others put the blame on Western media. An assistant professor at the University of North Alabama offered his opinion on Western media’s framing, a concept similar to agenda setting, where media representation of an event affects the choices of people. For example, Anti-Muslim criminals framed as â€Å"crazy, misguided bigot who acted alone†. This framing or generalization practices according to the assistant university professor make the killer act according to the larger and more common perception of himself. Therefore, Western media’s framing of Muslims as â€Å"backward, violent, fundamentalist, and threats to Western civilization† was likely causal factors in Anti-Muslim crimes such as the Chapel Hill murder. Find more information here: Contributing Factors of Student Suicides Violence against Female University Students Smoking in Public Places Should Be Banned Womens Right to Education Relieving Students School-Related Stress Academic Researchers Findings Academic studies conducted on Western media’s coverage of Islam and Muslims suggest that they often connect Islam to atrocity; Muslims are people of conflict and violence. Their tendency is to approach Islam and the Muslim from of difference and opposition and therefore creating â€Å"Islamophobia† or Anti-Muslim racism in Western societies. A good example is a magazine headline â€Å"Islam and Freedom: Are They Destined to Clash† painting Muslims’ as homogenous and zombie like people. Africa, on the other hand, has been framed as â€Å"uncivilized, crisis, and crime-ridden, corrupt, and negative† by the Western media. Other academic studies suggest the media encourage some people’s fascination with crime and criminal offenders. The reason is that public perception of crime and criminal justice system are greatly influenced by media’s presentation of framed ideas. The†Islamophobia† and frame of mind that was created by Western media may have been in some away accepted by a certain individual true and socially and politically accepted belief. In a similar manner, an Anti-Muslim framed, as a â€Å"crazy, misguided bigot who acted alone† would assume his role as an Anti-Muslim crazy and foolish extremist who works alone. Now, if the speculations are true that it is a hate crime and perpetrated because of faith, then is it correct to assume that the causal factor behind the #ChapelHillShooting is Western media?

Hypersensitivity Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hypersensitivity Reaction - Essay Example Hypersensitivity Reaction This paper aims to review the immunological mechanisms giving rise to the four groups of hypersensitivity. It also compares and contrasts hypersensitivity reactions caused by antibodies and those caused by T-lymphocytes, while also discussing the clinical consequences of each of the reactions using examples. Hypersensitivity reactions can be divided into type I-IV, based on the various involved mechanisms. Type I, often associated with allergy, is mediated by IgE. IgE triggers basophil and mast cell degranulation cross linking with antigen. Type II occurs on binding of the host’s cells to antigens, which marks them for destruction (Phillips, 2006 p89). Mediation is by IgG and IgM antibodies. Type III hypersensitivity triggering occurs due to aggregates of IgM, IgG, complement proteins, and antigens deposited in tissues. Type IV hypersensitivity’s mediation is by macrophages, monocytes, and T cells. Infectious diseases and autoimmune involve this hypersensitivity in thei r reactions. Most hypersensitivity injuries develop due to interactions between antibodies and antigens or between sensitized T-lymphocytes and antigens. The general symptoms  accompanying the reaction depend on the involvement of either T-lymphocytes, or antibodies. During antibody involvement, immediate hypersensitivity results, while T-lymphocyte involvement results in delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Immediate hypersensitivity includes immune complex reactions, cytotoxic reactions, allergic reactions, and anaphylaxis. Delayed hypersensitivity includes infection allergies and contact dermatitis. Antibody Mediated Hypersensitivity vs. T-lymphocyte Mediated Hypersensitivity Antibody mediated hypersensitivity depends on the antigen nature, its frequency, and antigen contact route (Phillips, 2006 p11). It also depends on antibody type that reacts with the antigen. The initial antigen dose is known as sensitizing dose. On exposure, a latent period follows. Later, a dose of the sam e antigen, referred to as shocking or eliciting dose, sets off the reaction. This results in tissue damage. In T-lymphocyte mediated hypersensitivity, T-lymphocytes function rather than antibodies. These T-lymphocytes function in cell mediated immunity. They produce Lymphokines, which stimulate macrophage influx in order to perform phagocytosis. This results in immune response exaggeration. For both antibody mediated and T-lymphocyte mediated hypersensitivity reactions, local tissue destruction results. However, destruction of tissue by T-lymphocyte mediation occurs via phagocytosis. For antibody mediated hypersensitivity, reactions begin minutes after antigen administration (Phillips, 2006 p31). On direct administration of the antigen directly to the tissue, for example, injection or bee stings, a systemic reaction occurs. For instance, anaphylactic shock may result. When the contact involved is superficial, involving epithelial tissue, a localized reaction results, for example, ha y fever and asthma. These reactions can also be referred to as atopy or allergy. T-lymphocyte mediated hypersensitivity, on the other hand, requires one day or more in order to develop. It can manifest in the form of infection allergy, such as in the tuberculin test (Phillips, 2006 p34). A second manifestation of T-lymphocyte mediated hypersensitivity is contact dermatitis. Large blister like lesions accompany the reaction, with vesicles surrounded by redness. The vesicles usually itch intensely.

Nuclear Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Nuclear Power - Essay Example The problems that plague nuclear energy revolve around the materials it uses to create energy. Uranium is highly radioactive once it has been depleted all of its impurities in which is needed to power up nuclear reactors. Inside a nuclear reactor, the radioactivity is increased to more than a thousand times as a quantity of of the uranium is changed to a mixture of different irradiated elements. Most, if not all, of these radioactive elements are very hazardous to human beings because such materials are highly unstable to certain elements in the environment that either cause unexpected and damaging combustion or radioactive exposure or poisoning. The damages that could result from all this destroys not only the environment greatly; it also destroys human lives and welfare as well. There are many different ways through which people could be exposed to radiation such as inhalation of radioactive gases or particles, some radioactive elements found in the soil or water, eating or drinking of food, water or dust that are contaminated. Some radioactive elements mimic normal chemical elements in the ecology and make blend in with the food chain, poisoning the whole ecosystem. In contemporary and even recent human history, there are two events that show such sort of damage and hazard the risks of nuclear energy can do. First, there was the Chernobyl Accident in 1986 in Pripyat, Ukraine. Then, there was the Fukushima Nuclear Reactor in North Japan at 2011. At 1986, the Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor had a catastrophic explosion that completely destroyed the power facility and caused massive amounts of radioactive materials to spread throughout Europe, especially seriously damaging life and the environment of what was then the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics or USSR. A forum by the International Atomic Energy Agency or IAEA (2005) stated that â€Å"the vast majority of about 5 million people residing in contaminated areas of Belarus,

Executive Summary Expedia vs Priceline Essay Example for Free

Executive Summary Expedia vs Priceline Essay Expedia and Priceline are the leading competitors of the online travel service. With travel being one of the Internets hottest commodities, these two companies have been in competition for the top spot. Both businesses offer great deals on hotels, car rentals, and most importantly travel accommodations. The financial post online interviewed Expedia’s managing director Sean Shannon about how he keeps the online travel superstore unique. He noted that they â€Å"invest a lot in technology and software writers and coders, who work to make the shopping experience better and figure out ways to stay ahead of the curve (Ovsey, 2001). † With both companies reaching new heights of Internet success, the need to be informed of each other’s business policies and ideas is very important. Many customers of both Expedia and Priceline already had a combined travel agency that would normally have taken care of their travel plans. When the Internet boom exploded, companies such as Microsoft jumped on the idea of having a travel agency online. The Wall Street Journal Online Edition confirms this need for technology by reporting on the company’s participation in J.P. Morgan’s annual telecom conference. The Wall Street Journal agrees, â€Å"Expedia, Inc. is the largest online travel company in the world, with an extensive brand portfolio that includes some of the worlds leading online travel brands (Expedia, inc. to, 2013).† This would enable a new customer base that would promote Internet sales, and an easier way of life for frequent travelers. Selling points for both of these companies is extremely important, as the transition from a brick and mortar company to a web based company was a hard shift. These companies have not only been in competition for over 10 years, but they have boosted profits every year. The Atlantic Online posted an opinion about Priceline in 2010 regarding the success of the online travel company compared to that of Expedia. They stated, â€Å"Pricelines stock price is up almost 90 percent, while its competitors have flat lined (Expedia) (Madrigal, 2010).† This shows the customer, that even though these companies are in competition, they have done well enough to withstand many economic ups and downs over the years. The importance of stability and growth over the years is very important to a consumer who deserves quality in purchasing potentially high dollar items. The following report specifics the financial reports from the last three years for both companies. This provides established proof that both companies are thriving in what they do.

Neurology and Neurosurgery Essay -- Medical Brain Health Essays

Neurology and Neurosurgery Neurology Overview Although our primary interest is with the Medial Temporal Lobe, also called the V5 area, a discussion of the entire motion perception pathway is instructive. Motion perception actually begins with the specialized visual receptors in the retina known as M-cells (from the Latin word magnus, for large). As the name implies, the M-cells are relatively large, located in the peripheral retina, and respond quickly to transient visual stimulation making them ideally suited for motion detection. By contrast, P-cells are smaller, located in the fovea, react more slowly to stimuli, and are suited to fine-detail vision. Impulses from the retina then travel via the optic nerve to the optic chiasm where fibers of the optic nerve from the inner (nasal) half of each retina cross while those from the outside (temporal) half of each retina stay on the same side. This partial crossing is a feature of mammals, whereas for most vertebrates below mammals, all the fibers cross. It must be pointed out that no motion processing is actually done in the optic chiasm. About 20% of the axons leaving the optic chiasm go to the Superior Colliculus, which is responsible for certain eye movements and spatial localization. The remaining 80% of the axons go to the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, LGN (Schiffman, 2000, p. 71-73). The LGN represents the next motion processing step after the M-cells in the retina. The Magnocellular Division of the LGN specifically processes the impulses from the M- cells in the retina and is uniquely suited to distinguishing small contrasts between light and dark areas thereby enhancing three-dimensionality and motion ef... ..., J. W. (2004). Biological Psychology (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thompson-Wadsworth. Naikar, N. (1996). Perception of apparent motion of colored stimuli after commissurotomy. Neuropsychologia, 34(11),1041- 1049. Nawrot, M., Rizzo, M., Rockland, K.S., Howard, M. (2000). A transient deficit of motion perception. Vision Research, (40),3435-3446. Schiffman, H.R. (2000). Sensation and Perception (5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Ulbert, I., Karmos, G., Heit, G., & Halgren, E. (2001). Early discrimination of coherent versus incoherent motion by multiunit and synaptic activity in human putative MT+. Human Brain Mapping, 13(4),226-238. Vaina, L.M., Cowey, A., LeMay, M., Bienfang, D.C., & Kikinis, R. (2002). Visual deficits in a patient with kaleidoscopic disintegration of the visual world. European Journal of Neurology, (9),463-477.

Antidote for the Iron Law of Oligarchy Essay

In every diseases there will always a doctors to help us to cure it. In every illness it has always a medicine to manage the pain. But if we connect it to our society today, maybe it doesn’t have medicine or doctors that cure this kind of illnesses. This kind of attitude maybe we cannot erase to our society. This attitude maybe we can connect to the iron law of oligarchy. What is the iron law of oligarchy? â€Å"The iron law of oligarchy is a political theory, first developed by the German syndicalist sociologist Robert Michels. It states that all forms of organization, regardless of how democratic or autocratic they may be at the start, will eventually and inevitably develop into oligarchies. The reasons for this are the technical indispensability of leadership, the tendency of the leaders to organize themselves and to consolidate their interests; the gratitude of the led towards the leaders, and the general immobility and passivity of the masses.† – From Wikipedia In connection to the definition of iron law of oligarchy, our government is considered as the democratic government. Where in it have presidents that are given a rule in every department and bureaus. Where in this rule are all obey by all the department and bureaus. Another characteristic of our government as a democratic country is that it let people to choose their own leaders. But these actions are not enough to tell that we have our own freedom, but these actions give other people reasons to abuse their powers. Instead of serving us, they use their positions to do the things that they want. What are the reasons why they do those things? What are the things that we need to do so that their actions are change? Here the things that we need to do. If the iron law of oligarchy is the rule of few people or the elite people, we can reverse it so that we can make it the rule of many people. Where in all the rules are all consult to us before they implement it. Another thing is, when it giving us the right information. Sometimes our government is not giving the exact information that we need to know about what happen to our government. And lastly, no oligarchy without material and power perks and bureaucracy. Part of the changes is a constant flow of reliable information among the people. Bureaucracy’s weakness is related to its inability to keep secrets and control the information flows. It is weakened as it loses the power to the flow of the information among us.

Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Essay

Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes surrounding learning, memory, perception, and thought. Though it is still a relatively new formal branch of psychology, its roots extend back to Descartes who sought a way to explain how the mind worked, proposing the analogy of a â€Å"hydraulic system of nerve function† (Willingham, 2007, p. 26) after he observed animated statues in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. It has been the restless pursuit of not only the idea of how the mind works but also what exactly constituted the mind that eventually led to the foundations of cognitive theory. As psychologists examined how mental processes produced behavior, it was evident a different approach would be needed. Cognitive psychology developed primarily from the inability of the behaviorist approach to fully explain every form of behavior. While there were many things that drove its development, there were four main milestones in the development of cognitive psychology: the inadequacies of behaviorism, the information processing model and computer metaphor, artificial intelligence, and neuroscience. Each of these four milestones contributed significantly to the search for a better model and the development of the cognitive approach, which we have today. Behaviorism had many shortfalls with its primary one being that it excluded the effect of genetics entirely. It only accounted for what had been learned through reward and punishment only. Questions were raised and answers were missing when examining the question through the lens of behaviorism only. One area where ethologists observed discrepancies were in fixed-action patterns and critical periods in animals. Fixed-action patterns were behaviors that received little to no reward or punishment in which the animals engaged in and critical period referred to a specific period of time in which if a behavior has not been learned, it may never be able to be learned. Another area in which behaviorism could not provide consistent answers was in language acquisition. Behaviorism posited that language was learned or imitated as modeled b y someone else. However, there were points that the behaviorist perspective did not address. First, learning cannot account for  the rapid rate children acquire language. Second, there are an infinite number of sentences and all cannot be learned by imitation. Next, children consistently make errors in things like verb tense. Since adults usually use correct form, this would not be learned by imitation. And last, children acquire their language skills even if adults do not correct their syntax (Language and Cognition, 2013). These points show there must be other explanations such as innate language skills to further explain the acquisition of language. These points seemed best explained by the cognitive perspective using theories, such as innate language centers. The second milestone, the information processing model, was very influential in moving closer to a cognitive approach through the computer metaphor. There were many attempts to find a way to explain how the mind worked, including a switchboard and solenoids but these did not fully explain how the mental processes (Willingham, 2007). In the computer analogy, the brain was likened to the hardware of a computer and thought processes were likened to computer software. The ‘mind is like a computer’ draws the connection between the input we receive from our environment to the mental processes that leads to the output of behavior. This analogy was revolutionary in the way psychologists studied the mine and led to the information processing model. With this model, psychologists began to ask questions about and use the scientific method to look at how the mind processed input resulting in behavior, instead of only the behavior itself. Artificial intelligence was the third milestone and is defined as â€Å"the ability of a computer or other machine to perform those activities that are normally thought to require intelligence† (Artificial intelligence, n.d.). In the 1950s, an artificial intelligence program was developed by Allen Newell and Herb Simon that proved theorems in formal logic using abstract constructs and representations. This A.I. program demonstrated sophisticated â€Å"behavior†, it solved problems similarly to h ow humans solved them, and it used abstract constructs (Willingham, 2007). Through the artificial intelligence, it became apparent to researchers that the human mind processed information much like a computer, using representations and processes and this approach could help give deeper insight into the processes of the mind and the resulting behavior. The last main milestone, neuroscience, is â€Å"a branch (as neurophysiology) of science that deals with the anatomy, physiology,  biochemistry, or molecular biology of nerves and nervous tissue and especially their relation to behavior and learning† (m-w.com, n.d.). The focus is on the brain and its impact on behavior as well as normal cognitive functions and the impact on the nervous system resulting from neurological, psychological, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuroscience began to show a clear connection between behavior and specific structures of the brain. This connection revealed the biological side of behavior that could not be ignored. Studying behavior from this aspect allows a clear p icture of a how disorders affect the brain itself initiating behavior and can be compared to normal behavior to gain greater perspective. Observation of an individual’s behavior is important as it is an indicator and reflective of what is transpiring within the mental processes. The whole of an individual’s behavior is found neither by observation only or an examination of one’s thoughts only, but a combination of the two. The observance of behavior affords cognitive psychologists the ability to test and evaluate theories about behaviors and the hypotheses developed from them. Self-reporting can present errors that can be confirmed or rejected through the use of behavioral observation tested using empirical means. Additionally, cognitive psychologists cannot personally observe and measure internal mental processes but in utilizing behavioral observation, the cognitive psychologist can arrive at logical conclusions of the existence of the behavior based on the observation of the behavior. In using the accepted standard of behavioral procedures, cognitive psychologists are able to examine the cogniti ve processes thought to be the source without inferring unproven causes (Zentall, 2002). This removes much of the subjectivity that initially made the cognitive perspective suspect. Cognitive psychology developed the framework to test theories and further explain behavior using behavioral observation. Using the scientific method, the theory predicts the behavior to be expected if the said theory is provable. There are several steps to take in order to this. First, develop alternative theories by having at least two possibilities to select from when testing the hypothesis. Second, derive specific predictions for each theory by providing a bridge between the observable and unobservable in order to accurately confirm or disprove. And lastly, the compilation of sufficient data by which to compare the theories to validate both the methods and the  results. Research methods that are employed using behavioral observation to test cognitive theories are descriptive research, relational research, and experimental research. Descriptive research consists of naturalistic observatio n, case studies, and self-reporting, all of which are describing a behavior as found in the world (Willingham, 2007, p. 43). Relational research is much like its name in that it is observing two or more behaviors and discerning how they are related. Experimental research is testing what has been observed and determining if the theory can be confirmed or disproved using the scientific method. Using verifiable research methods, for example, there are an â€Å"increasing number of cognitive models of anxiety disorders that seek to provide a complex integrative view of their underlying cognitive processes and structures† (Eysenk, 2004). The study of cognitive psychology has been a critical step toward understanding how behavior develops. It has opened the doors to increased research that is measureable and theories that could be empirically tested to confirm or disprove cognitive theories. This has granted us numerous insights into the connections between the brain and behavior and continues to be a source of learning. Additionally, it has had positive impacts on behavioral treatments as shown by Eysenk, â€Å"some of the theoretical and empirical contributions emerging from the cognitive approach have direct implications for therapeutic interventions† (Eysenk, 2004). In the end, the ability to form and research theories has brought these two fields of behaviorism and cognitive perspective together through an understanding of the connection between observable behavior and mental processes. It has paved the way for artificial intelligence, which is used in almost every discipline, and neuroscience and promises to continue to improve treatments and shed light on behavior.

Free Essays on Ratio Analysis

Ratio Analysis Paper 23 September 2002 CMGT/577– CIS Business Financial Management Facilitator Table of Contents Introduction: 1 Financial Statement Ratios 1 Profitability Ratios 1 Activity Measures 2 Financial Leverage Measures 2 Liquidity Ratios 2 Other Factors 3 Sample Company 3 Citations: 4 Introduction: Before beginning an analysis of a company it is necessary to have a complete set of financial statements, preferably for the pas few years so that historical trends can be obtained. Ratios are a way for anyone to get an idea of the financial performance of a company by using the information contained in the financial statements. Ratios are grouped into four basic categories, liquidity, activity, profitability, and financial leverage. This document will use a variety of these ratios to analyze the firm, Sample Company, as of December 31,2000. Financial Statement Ratios Profitability Ratios The ratios returns on investment (ROI) and return on equity (ROE) are two of the most popular measure of profitability of a company and, along with the P/E ratio, have the most significant value of any of the ratios. The DuPont Model expands on the ROI calculation by inserting sales and it’s relationship to the companies’ generation of profits and utilization of assets into the calculation. Additional profitability ratios include the price earnings ratio (P/E), the dividend payout and the dividend yield. The price earnings ratio helps to indicate to investor how expensive the shares of common stock of a firm are. Dividend yield is part of the stockholders ROI and is represented by the annual cash dividend. Dividend yields have historically been between 3% to 6% for common stock and 5% to 8% for preferred stock. Dividend payout ratio shows the proportion of the earnings paid to common shareholders. Dividend payout for manufacturing companies range from 3... Free Essays on Ratio Analysis Free Essays on Ratio Analysis Ratio Analysis Paper 23 September 2002 CMGT/577– CIS Business Financial Management Facilitator Table of Contents Introduction: 1 Financial Statement Ratios 1 Profitability Ratios 1 Activity Measures 2 Financial Leverage Measures 2 Liquidity Ratios 2 Other Factors 3 Sample Company 3 Citations: 4 Introduction: Before beginning an analysis of a company it is necessary to have a complete set of financial statements, preferably for the pas few years so that historical trends can be obtained. Ratios are a way for anyone to get an idea of the financial performance of a company by using the information contained in the financial statements. Ratios are grouped into four basic categories, liquidity, activity, profitability, and financial leverage. This document will use a variety of these ratios to analyze the firm, Sample Company, as of December 31,2000. Financial Statement Ratios Profitability Ratios The ratios returns on investment (ROI) and return on equity (ROE) are two of the most popular measure of profitability of a company and, along with the P/E ratio, have the most significant value of any of the ratios. The DuPont Model expands on the ROI calculation by inserting sales and it’s relationship to the companies’ generation of profits and utilization of assets into the calculation. Additional profitability ratios include the price earnings ratio (P/E), the dividend payout and the dividend yield. The price earnings ratio helps to indicate to investor how expensive the shares of common stock of a firm are. Dividend yield is part of the stockholders ROI and is represented by the annual cash dividend. Dividend yields have historically been between 3% to 6% for common stock and 5% to 8% for preferred stock. Dividend payout ratio shows the proportion of the earnings paid to common shareholders. Dividend payout for manufacturing companies range from 3...

Parallel Structure Supports Meaning

Parallel Structure Supports Meaning Parallel Structure Supports Meaning Parallel Structure Supports Meaning By Mark Nichol A lack of parallel structure in sentence construction can lead to confusion. Make sure that statements are scaffolded correctly to convey the intended meaning, as explained and demonstrated in the discussions to and revisions of the following sentences. 1. The poll found that 24 percent of voters said they would either abstain from voting in the general election rather than vote for Trump or Clinton or vote for a third-party candidate. The meaning of this sentence is ambiguous. As written, it implies that 24 percent of voters would vote neither for Trump or Clinton nor for a third-party candidate, but it could mean that 24 percent of voters either would abstain from voting or would vote for someone other than Trump or Clinton. If this is the case, the wording should be â€Å"The poll found that 24 percent of voters said they either would abstain from voting in the general election rather than vote for Trump or Clinton or would vote for a third-party candidate.† 2. The act requires the removal of any personally identifiable information not relevant to threat identification or protected by privacy laws. As written, this sentence implies that not applies both to â€Å"relevant to threat identification† and to â€Å"protected by privacy laws.† However, the removal requirement applies to information that is not relevant or that is protected, so the language should emphasize this distinction: â€Å"The act requires the removal of any personally identifiable information that is not relevant to threat identification or that is protected by privacy laws.† 3. You will learn a new method for weight loss without neglecting your work or rearing your children. The implication of this sentence is that the new weight-loss method will not require one to neglect one’s work and will absolve one of the chore of rearing one’s children. But the meaning is that adopting the method will not affect one’s abilities to work or to raise children, and the wording should reflect that meaning: â€Å"You will learn a new method for weight loss without neglecting your work or your parental responsibilities† is one possible revision. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their Synonyms8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Various topics in paper included 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Various topics in paper included 2 - Assignment Example There are certain ways through which an entrepreneur can come up with a business plan for an already existing businesses or a new venture (Jones & Jayawarna, 2013, p.1). For instance, an entrepreneur can consider using business simulation method to create its appropriate plan. One of the most common business simulations encompasses the SimVenture, which reflects reality and gives an entrepreneur the opportunity of the respective start up and how run own virtual business. SimVenture is commonly rampant among experienced entrepreneurs whereby it has proved to be extremely helpful to thousands of upcoming entrepreneurs (Jones & Jayawarna, 2013, p.148). In the assignment provided, it is evident that the Company mentioned is not successful; hence, using SimVenture to develop a new and appropriate business plan. In order to ensure the success of the Company, the most important issue that should be considered first is having the knowledge about the Finance, Marketing, Operations and HRM sectors of the Company. Through getting all the available information concerning these sections of the Company, then using SimVenture becomes much easier since one can now recognize the origin of the problem and where to put much focus. Looking at the financial sector of the company it is possible to note that there are high possibilities that the company is wasting away some of its finances. This is because, the Company is said to have had a regular sales income after trading for 8 months. This is evidence that the company is not making any considerable profit. Additionally, the Company has operated for the 8 months yet its sole employee still has no office. To mean, resources are not being well managed. Moreover, the Company’s cash that is available in the bank is around  £8,500. Considering the HRM factor, it is evident that the Company has only one employee who has the responsibility of managing the Company’s resources and the

Influenza in Elderly Aged 65 years and above Essay

Influenza in Elderly Aged 65 years and above - Essay Example Therefore, the effective measure for preventing this communicable disease is to offer influenza vaccinations to ageing people. Influenza is a public health issue because it is an acute viral infection, which can spread from one individual to another, and it circulates across the globe and can affect many aging people at a higher rate. According to the WHO report, global influenza epidemics result to 3 to 5 million of severe cases yearly and this contributes to death rates of approximately 500, 000 deaths where the majority are the ageing people of 65 years and above (Ryu, Kim, Park and Park (2011 p. 4197). Influenza causes annual epidemics and the winter seasons or temperate areas are the peak seasons for influenza. This illness can take economic toll because of heavy expenditure on provision of healthcare services not only to the aging population but also to children who are dependent. The essay explores the determinants of influenza in aging people and analyzes the inequalities, as well as, policies that impact on the public health issue. Determinants Of Influenza In Adults Age 65 Years Old And Above Ageing people are at higher risks for many vaccine preventable illnesses because this illness contributes to high morbidity and mortality rates. Influenza and pneumonia in adults are among the 8th leading cause for increased death rates among the aging people across the globe (DH 2009, p. 5). Many aging people die while others get admitted in hospitals due to complications of influenza disease. The determinant of health covers all the risk factors that may pose an individual to influenza. Social issues are among influenza determinants among the elderly populations across the globe. The research carried out revealed that social determinants such as gender, ethnicity, social-economic status, cultural beliefs and values were among the determinants of influenza in adults (Nagata (2013, p. 88). The behavioral beliefs, affordability, education or attitudes about the va ccine are also significant determinants of flu vaccine. Vaccination gains influenza virus is vital because it is one of the best methods of preventing unnecessary hospitalizations and premature death rates to elderly people. Another influenza determinant is the health care provisions among the elderly population. Since the beginning of the 20th century, timely and efficient intervention methods have been significant contributing factors for the decline of morality rates from influenza disease and other associated diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease (Merrill 2010, p. 57). The health of aging population is influenced by varied factors including the past and present behaviors, as well as, health care provisions. There is an immense dissimilarity among the health inequalities and health determinants. The primary causes for health are frequently summed up in the slogan of dealing with the determinants for wellbeing and health inequalities. The health inequalities are tackl ed under the policy implementation whereby the government focuses on distribution of equal health care services to all population. Focusing on the determinant of healthcare inequalities is vital because this is one of the increased causes for widespread influenza disease. Education factor is among the social determinants of influenza and it is linked to learning disabilities for adults. The research study carried out revea

Labour market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Labour market - Essay Example AUSTRALIAN LABOUR MARKET Introduction There are several ways through which a person gains human capital. However, the two main ways are education and the second is experience or on the job training. Various skills are required to perform different jobs and the basics skills are acquired through studies or formal education. However, without experience or practice the education is not as effective. Therefore, even at work, the worker is always in the process of learning. Considering the level of skills in the labour force in Australia, the government has been consistently undertaking various projects to support the workers in various areas and trying to expand and equip the workforce. Australian Labour Market There are a number of programs and workshops to assist organizations and also to train workers such as Workplace English Language and Literacy (WELL). They train workers in English language and numeracy skills linked to various jobs. Similarly, WORKERS’ EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIAT ION, SYDNEY (WEA Sydney) has been operating for the past century assisting organizations and providing wide range of public lectures and lectures in various subjects although it has not been funded by the government a lot. Also training has expanded to fields relating to communication technology and digital communication. (IMMI, 2010) The relaxed immigration policy of Australia is the evidence that the Australian government is attracting immigrants from abroad to work in Australia as the country is deprived of fully skilled workers for respective jobs. The Australian Human Resource Institute (AHRI) on skill shortages conducted a research. According to the report it was found that seven out of ten Australian employers surveyed are still experiencing a skills shortage, and more than 85% believe  skilled migration  is necessary to the success of their organizations. Therefore, research results from the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations are working to find out the area where the skills are lacking at state and national level as the ability to work matters on various factors such as season, geographical base and also knowledge. That is there might be a worker with a certain skill; however he or she might not be able to find the respective job in his or her locality and would be unemployed for sometime as he/ she would also not be aware of the job in some other locality. Therefore, there has been a shortage of workers in Australia. (IMMI, 2010) The Australian government therefore introduced a visa policy known as 457 visas in 1996 under which immigrants were given working opportunities in Australia. They allowed skilled people to temporarily work in Australia under an approved sponsor for up to four years. During times of economic progress the use of this policy was very effective as skillful employees invited from abroad could easily fill the demand gap. However, over the years it has undergone many changes since hiring employees from foreign countries reduces the opportunities for the local workforce. During times of the global economic recession like during 2009 the demand for the 457 visa workers fell and the usage of the policy reduced, but so did the demand for the

Globalization in the Gulf Cooperation Council

Globalization in the Gulf Cooperation Council Chapter 3 Globalization in the GCC: a political and economic analysis Political Aspect The creation of the GCC was a direct result of regional political events of that time. The idea of the need for the union of the major independent states of the gulf had been floating around since the early 1970s. Three main reasons leading to the formation of the gulf cooperation council included: Border disputes between Arab states and the royal families. The Iranian revolution The invasion of Iran by the Soviet Union. The Gulf States apart from Saudi Arabia are small population states. First we look into border disputes. The creation of Bahrain and Kuwait was lead to the demarcation of boundaries which the families Arab ruling families did not like. The strained relations were held together only by their common links religion and language. The ruling families had close bonds with families of other states and therefore they did not like the idea of having to confine their selves to a border (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Secondly, the Arab peninsula felt safe from Iran as long as the Shah of Iran was in control. This was because America (an Arab friend) was dictating the policies of Iran during the shah’s rule. After the Iranian revolution, came the religious leaders. They had a different set of ideology and religious beliefs than the Arab states. Since Iran was a regional military strength, this further made the Gulf States insecure and further highlighted the need for a united front by the Arab peninsula (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Lastly, the invasion of a Muslim Afghanistan by the atheist Soviet Union was viewed as a threat as Yemen was also a socialist country and capture of Afghanistan meant that the communists were gaining strength and this was another form of insecurity for the region as the Arab states had supported the USA in the cold war which made them rivals of the Soviet empire. The Soviet threat had to be faced collectively and therefore it was imperative that a union of the Arab states be created. The last straw was the Iran- Iraq war which started in 1980. It affected trade routes of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Also Iraq, which was a friendly Arab country, was being affected. And this threat needed to be faced collectively, therefore in 1981, the Gulf States, united themselves in the form of GCC (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). The charter known as the cooperation council charter was signed by all the member states, including Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and Oman. The charter listed cultural, social and political and economic reasons along with commonality of religion, language and customs for this union. The articles in the charter defined the need to develop independence and self sustainability in political, economic and financial affairs (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Since the creation of the council, the GCC has gradually tried to instill its authority in the region and work for change for the betterment of the states. The council states have developed at remarkable pace in the fields of media technology, developmental projects, financial institutions and security of the region (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). The first visible of the impact of the unified common GCC policy was visible globally during the Iraq invasion of Kuwait in 1990. The council made possible it’s liberation, through the help of the world’s help, The council called for a meeting of the organization of the Islamic conference (OIC) and this lead to GCC requesting for and then passing resolution in the united nation’s security council, UNSCR 660 (1990). The council since the 1990 has tried to help in conflicts resolution in many countries, including Somalia, Palestine Israel, Lebanon Israel etc. the GCC is also in the forefront in helping the countries in need of economic aid for rebuilding. The countries insisted on the rebuilding of Iraq through donations, On the country basis, the GCC have planned free trade agreements with China, Pakistan and India. They already have FTAs with Lebanon, Turkey and Syria in the region and Japan in the East Asian region. The GCC also has signed pacts and agreements with regional organizations like the European Union (EU). The EU and the GCC have signed declarations of cooperation with each other and are working toward a FTA (Bà ©atrice Maalouf, 2006). Non-governmental, international and regional organizations The economic and developmental transformation of the GCC countries along with other Arab countries of the region has been due to assistance from international institutions and donor agencies of the region. These agencies have been providing, financial, technical and organizational help to the states for formulating better strategies for stable development of the Arab states specifically and the gulf region in general. The United Arab Emirates has enough financial capital for funding the preparation of NES and NEAP. Even so, the gulf state has been seeking and receiving technical help from international and regional organizations in order to ensure that their developmental programs are stable and sustainable. To ensure stable growth and development in the gulf and Arab countries, availability of financial assistance is important, especially for countries not exporting oil (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"International donor organizations working in the region include: Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Arab Fund for Economic and social Development (AFESD) Kuwaiti Fund for Development (KFD). † (Khordagui H, (2004). Apart from development on the infrastructure level, certain organizations have been providing the gulf countries with help in a wide range of activities including capacity building, legislative drafting, policy analysis etc. Usually the assistance concerning the capacity building assistance measures is being undertaken by the regional organizations in order for there to be regional benefits of these national initiatives (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"These institutions include: â€Å"METAP: a cooperative initiative between the Commission, the European Investment Bank, UNDP (the Arab Bureau the Capacity 21 Unit), the WB – has provided capacity building assistance to the Mediterranean region for nearly the past decade† (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"Med-Policies Initiative – part of the METAP program, but funded by the WB in coordination with ESCWA – is building national capacity regional awareness on economic environmental policy-making† (Khordagui H, 2004). â€Å"The Center for Environment and Development in the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE) is an independent, nonprofit regional institution is working to increase the capacity of national institution to enhance environmental management and SD† (Khordagui H, 2004). Social Development and Civic Society Saudi Arabia is the biggest member of the GCC. It has the largest population and the biggest oil reserves. Therefore one would expect that with all in the capital inflow, political reforms would follow and that would lead to maturation of the state toward a free society. In Saudi Arabia, monarchy rules the state. There is no parliamentary system and there were not political parties, trade unions or voluntary associations before 2003. There is a counsel of chambers of commerce and it acts as an umbrella between the government and the society as a whole (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). â€Å"The UAE is fast becoming the economic hub of the GCC. Therefore there needs to be civic reform and State’s institutional development needs to be the foremost priority of the state. There can be no assembly of public nature without prior government’s approval. The first human rights organization was first formed in the country in 2006. Its founding members include people of diverse professions from far corners of the society.† (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008) Political parties are still illegal in the kingdom. Any person or organization which tries of voice an opinion against which is against or different from that of the monarchy is quickly shut down. There are two opposition movements working from outside Saudi Arabia. These include the Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights (CDLR) and the Movement for Islamic Reform (MIRA), in Saudi Arabia. Activists who attempted to demonstrate in a peaceful manner against the monarchy were arrested and their activities deemed unislamic (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). In order to conform to the rest of the world and also due to the internal needs and external pressures led the Saudi government to initiate the civil society creations in the kingdom in 2003. Unlike Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates are governed by both a traditional as well as a modern form of a government. The UAE is at an advanced level of institutionalizing their government departments. The political system of UAE can be thought of a flexible system conforming and adaptive to the democratic ways of governance. The UAE does not allow the existence of political parties per say, but the ruling elite and their positions in the government are determined even today by their positions in their respective tribes and dynasties. In order to keep their authority and position the rulers are required to ensure that they retain the people’s loyalty which has to be ensured by keeping with the principle that the people should have easy access to the rulers and they could voice their opinion or grievances in meetings. This tradition of holding assembly of citizen’s frequently is still active today and ensures that people are not neglected. Decisions made in these meetings sometimes even determine policy changes at the highest levels. On the other side, the modern institutions are capable of dealing with more complex and large scale problems and concerning the state. Therefore the dual mode of governance in the UAE has molded itself in the past decades to optimally suite the citizens of the state as well as the state itself (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). The Saudi Journalist’s association was founded to look after the interests of the journalists of the country, it is mostly an independent organization and works without any governmental interference. A media regulatory authority has been in place since 1982 in Saudi Arabia. Even though the print and the television media is well developed and well circulated in the kingdom, it is mostly government regulated. The ministry of information has the authority to appoint the editor in chief of all the circulating newspapers and can remove anyone they feel does not conform to their standards. Moreover, the government owned Saudi Press Agency and the ministry of information control the print and the Broadcast media. An independent organization to look after the human rights abuses paved its way into formation in 2004 in the kingdom. It is called The National society for Human rights and it has the job of keeping track of abuses related to employment, judiciary, domestic violence, prisons etc. There has been a history of complaints in the gulf about the human rights abuses related to non payment of wages to the workers and maid, mal treatment sexual harassment. Since 2005, the ministry of labor of Saudi Arabia announced that it was ready to receive complaints of the above mentioned nature from anyone and would be ready to prosecute anyone found guilty of the offense (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). Unlike Saudi Arabia, UAE does not posses any human rights groups and independent trade unions are still banned in the state, its chamber of commerce and UAE Women’s Federation are umbrella organizations with the responsibility to keep checks and balances of all sorts. The latter is assigned to prepare the women population, which makes constitutes a larger chuck of the population, to face the challenges of the 21st century and to train them to become active participants in the society (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). The gulf countries are enjoying economic boom from the high oil prices and they are taking advantage of this by using this capital for development of their respective states and region in general. Local and international corporate businesses have established themselves well into the societies. With this comes corporate social responsibility. This means that businesses have the responsibility to encourage and participate in any way they can, in the social development of the region. The term corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be explained as the commitment by the corporate sector to behave in an ethical manner and participate in the economic development along with providing a better quality of life for the workforce, their families and the society at large (Democratic governance Arabia, 2008). â€Å"In the GCC, although there are initiatives of corporate contribution to the society as a whole, there is still a greater need of formalizing it to ensure that the pace of development in the education, health, and housing and environment sectors is improved on sustainable grounds. A major factor in CSR activities is the governments strategy. There are governments within the GCC region that feel that social sectors such as education, health, housing and environment are the sole responsibility of the governments or rulers, resulting in little effort by the corporate sector in these areas. A very relevant example of this is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the largest country within the GCC, where there are hardly any well-managed CSR initiatives† (Giving Back: Corporate Social Responsibility in the GCC, 2007). Political Reforms The political systems of the gulf countries are in their infancies. Neil Patrick a senior analyst noted in a seminar about political reform in 2006, that there was a need to identity and treat all the GCC countries individually and recognize that the political structures and in different stages of maturation in each of these countries. For example, political reforms were first initiated by Kuwait, and currently, the have a well established working parliament. In contrast, the UAE has only recently started raising the idea of electoral participation. Other countries including Oman, Qatar and Bahrain etc all have political councils, whose members are usually sheikhs or members of the royal families. These councils are mostly advisory councils with limited mandates (Political Reform in GCC countries, 2006). Historically the infrastructure and organization required for the development and reform have been absent from the GCC states and royal families have been the only rulers in most of these states. According to Neil Patrick, the monarchies and the â€Å"Sheikdoms† operate in away in which taxing the citizens have become very difficult. They continue to use the earnings from the oil profits to satisfy the civilian population and run the state and this ensures at least in the short term that their rule will not be challenged. As the society within these countries has become more and more educated, and as the states have gradually opened up to the democratic world, the world, the need for change or reform has been seriously felt. Over the past couple of decades, the younger generations, unlike those of the past have become more educated, more aware of their rights as members of the society. This passive but steady demand for reform and more freedom has applying internal pressure on the ruling elite for change. On the other hand, opening up of the country for investment and development has lead to the democratic forces in the form of USA and the EU to exert multifaceted pressure on the Gulf States for democratization and liberalization. â€Å"Moreover, globalization, and particularly economic globalization, intensifies pressures on rulers to be more transparent and accountable in the administration of state resources† (Political Reform in GCC countries, 2006). It has been noted that over the past two decades, continued economic growth, wealth distribution and emergence of a middle classes with a strong voice has been the cause for gradual change towards liberalization and reform. â€Å"Economic change effectively creates alternative bases of power and constituencies that will contest the political status quo and claim a voice in the decision making process. It is therefore important to assess whether the distribution of rent in the Gulf States has led to an accumulation of wealth in a middle class with an interest in reform and enough power to begin making political demands† (Political Reform in GCC countries, 2006). Access to information International community has promoted information and communication technologies in the recent past as a means of providing a source of liberalization in the gulf countries. It has been thought that by integrating ICT in their developmental projects for these countries, the monopoly of the state on media and information control. The results although have been a success to some extent, but have failed to influence the society as the west once hoped. Case in point the spread of news channels like Al jazeera from Qatar. The coming on air of this and other channels has had an impact of providing the society with free uncensored and uninhibited view of the Arab views and feelings. The aim of the west was to ensure that the liberalization and opening up of the gulf would lead to the Gulf States, conforming to their west’s likings. This opening of the media has lead to voice to the civic society but their views of the west have not softened as the west had hoped. The governments still have control over other aspects of the information. This is clearly seen in the case of provision of the internet. Even though the states provide internet access, this is limited and poorly distributed. On the pretext of conserving cultural and religious values, the states like the Saudi Arabia have been exerting media filtration and censorship by using filtering software and denying access of any information which might influence their society’s view of them. The economic aspect Trade and investment liberalization Human development It has been long claimed that the gulf country rely heavily on their revenues from oil production to support them. Globalization is fast becoming the new reality in the GCC countries. This is has led to the gulf countries to tread on uncharted territory. The trend towards globalization and the threads attached to it can have an effect on the very lives of the citizens these countries cater for. Globalization can bring the promise of open markets and opportunities to have access to all the tools a country needs for development. On the other hand, globalization can also lead a country towards marginalization. â€Å"The relation between human development and globalization can be visualized in the following manner: the effects of globalization on a developing economy, such as the Arab Gulf countries, could be backwash effects or spread effects. The backwash effects means that globalization could contribute to and the source of human deprivation through processes of marginalization (of the country) and social exclusion (of individuals and groups based on social, ethnic, occupation/ skill, age or gender grounds)† (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). On the flip side, globalization can also lead to multitude of benefits. Globalization, through investment and production, can lead to jobs creation and greater choices for the public in terms of consumption and all of this can further enhance the human development. Globalization leads to foreign direct investment FDI, which in turn leads to capital inflow in the country and this can be used for developmental projects in a developing country. The steps towards globalization include: Liberalization of the local economy. Liberalization of state property ownership (privatization). Regionalization and multilateralism. Step 2 or privatization in the Arab countries has been a result of old as well as new policies. The privatization policy became a national policy in Oman in 1996. Information and communication revolution â€Å"The policies include provision related to what to privatize first (productive service sector), partial privatizations, transparency, competition, FDI, protection of the environment, public relation, and privatization proceeds. The guidelines include provisions related to bids selection, public offering, taxes, loans, employees and management†(Zineldin, M, 1998). The Saudi Arabia had been considering privatization and policy since early 90s. The 1990-1995 development plan envisioned a privatization process, a stock exchange for trading, privately owned construction and development companies, privatization some banks etc. In 1997 the ministry of commerce decided to expand the role played by the private industry in the kingdom’s economy by privatizing and selling government held assets worth more than $7 billion. The main aim for privatization and liberalization was to encourage private investment in the country’s economy, to provide lucrative opportunities for local as well as foreign companies to invest in domestic ventures. They also aimed to provide jobs to the ever increasing number youths in the country and to bring the unemployment rates down. They wanted to broaden and diversify the economic base and increase its markets competitiveness level to meet the standards set by the WTO for its membership (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). Abu Dhabi and the UAE have highlighted the need to privatize approximately 40 or so industries. After a study conducted by the World Bank, it recommended that Kuwait privatize at least 7 small enterprises, whose total vale was more than $3.6 billion. By 1995, Bahrain had also privatized at least partially, its, aluminum industry, small enterprises from the food manufacturing industry. Industrial investment by the private sector in this small state was more than $4.4 Billion by the end of 1996. (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). The campaign to private in order to make the institutions more efficient and productive has led to inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in these countries. Oman, Dubai (UAE) and Bahrain etc have allowed their private investors to gain complete ownership of their investment and industry. (Jiyad, A. M, 1998). The past 3 decades have led to an unprecedented growth in the GCC countries. The cost oil per barrel has risen from $12 to $100 and beyond. The financial profits that have been gained from this boom as been used to modernize infrastructure, improve social indicators, develop infrastructures as well as maintain foreign currency reserves while keeping external debt at a low level. â€Å"Life expectancy in the GCC area increased by almost 10 years to 74 years during 1980–2000, and literacy rates increased by 20 percentage points to about 80 percent over the same period. Average per capita income in the GCC countries was estimated at about $12,000 in 2002, with their combined nominal GDP reaching close to $340 billion (more than half the GDP of all Middle Eastern countries†. (Fasano U and Iqbal Z, 2003). Globalization and Human development Globalization, through the process of privatization leading to increase in resource allotment and can lead to increased focus towards human development. Improvement and competition leads to increase in the standards in the health and education sector. Privatization in the education sector can lead to improvement it its standards and it can structurally transform itself to cater to the needs of the market. â€Å"In other words private involvement in education and health sectors could bring with it more investment, more competition, better service, and wider choices. Successful liberalization and privatization programs could also accelerate growth, boost domestic investment and attract foreign capital generate employment and increase (per capita) income† (Jiyad, A. M 1998). The performances of the GCC countries towards human development have been weak in the past few decades. Great progression was seen in the early 70s and 80s but investment towards human development seems to have become stagnant in the 90s. Case in point is Saudi Arabia which compared to the public spending of $81.4 billion in 1985, only spent $82.7 billion in 1995. This and other indicators like these demonstrate that investment in the future development of the people had been ignored in the decade of the 90s. † (Jiyad, A. M 1998). Another problem which still needs tending to is the increase in the population in most of the GC countries. The high growth rate along with increase of women in the work force due to opening up of the society in the GCC countries has produced another problem of unemployment. The GCC wok force is growing at a rate of 4% per year and if this keeps up, the unemployment rates will soon follow suite and create another burden on the society. The GCC countries have been trying to initiate and grow in the non oil industry sector to create jobs for its people and to be able to sustain their growth rates. †Government services in many GCC countries are provided free or at highly subsidized prices, particularly water and electricity, while non-oil taxation is low, consisting mainly of income tax on foreign corporations except in Oman, where local corporations are also taxed. Some of these countries have recorded overall fiscal deficits over the years, reflecting volatile global oil prices and relatively high levels of current expenditure† (Fasano U and Iqbal Z, 2003). This can be seen by the indicators in the following charts below. â€Å"All GCC countries share sound and well-supervised banking systems. Banks are well-capitalized and profitable. Their supervisory framework has been strengthened and is largely compliant with international standards and codes. Moreover, GCC countries have gradually taken a number of steps toward implementing a market-based monetary policy, though direct instruments (such as interest rate and credit ceilings) continue to play a role in a few of these countries.† (Fasano U and Iqbal Z, 2003). Deepening of the regional economic integration Even with their high visions and plans of development to create sustainable non oil based economic power houses, the GCC countries have fell short of their aims for the past decades. These goals can still be achieved. The key for realizing such gains is in the collective integration and regional advancement. These collaborations have to be inline with the WTO policies and regulations. Since the GCC countries already enjoy free trade agreements with each other, the next step would be in the form of creating custom union. This can be beneficial for the GCC countries involved in the union as well as during multilateral trade deals. Giving the world a single regional front can only be beneficial as this means that there will be unified tariffs across the countries. The negotiations with the WTO any aspects would be held through a collective front rather than of the members negotiating individually. (Yousif Khalifa Al-Yousif ) Other benefits that can be achieved by the GCC countries integrating themselves further include providing a unified local market to the world to deal with. This means that the smaller countries like Bahrain can gain access the behalf of large ones like Saudi Arabia into the western markets. Deepening ties will further lead to reduction in internal conflicts and maters of miniscule value. Since integration into a regional bloc like the GCC has already led to and will further lead to open access to each others markets therefore inter GCC trade will only allow the local industries to grow further and provide employment to local work force along with allow growth in the human development sector. Millennium goals indirectly leading to economic and developmental Stability The GCC countries are a bloc of wealthy countries on their way to regional integration and providing a unified and developed front to the goal. Therefore it is suitable for them to cater to and provide assistance to the less developed Arab countries in the region. The countries have set out goals for the future and are working towards them at a steady pace. Eradication of poverty: the spread of wealth even with the population of the GCC is unevenly distributed. The gulf countries are working hard to implement policies which would lead to ensuring that all the people are provided with food and shelter. This can be done by providing jobs. Broadening the industrial base is the priority. This will lead to creation of jobs for the people. In this way wealth can be spread and distributed evenly. Energy Accessibility and Efficiency â€Å"Despite the vast energy resources of the region, in 2003 only 78.6% of the Arab population had access to electricity, ranging from almost 100% in the GCC countries to under 8% in Low Developed Countries (LDC). The region’s overall energy efficiency (kilogram (kg) oil equivalent per $1,000 GDP (PPP)) has improved unevenly in the past decade. In 2002, the GCC countries reported the highest energy use (504 kg oil equivalent per $1,000 PPP), followed by those of the eastern (262 kg oil equivalent per $1,000 PPP) and the western (some 137 kg oil equivalent per $1,000 PPP). Data available data on energy use in the Arab LDCs are inadequate.† Regional Progress towards the Millennium Development Goals in the Arab Region (2006). Education: the literacy rate of the local population in some of the major GCC countries is quite low. Steps are being taken to ensure to ensure that that the new generation is provided with education to be able to work as a contributor for the development of the society and the country as a whole. Gender equality: it has been long an issue, that the Arab countries in general have a poor record for gender equality and women empowerment. The GCC countries have moved leaps and bounds from where they were a couple decades ago. Currently female integration is in every corner of the work place. Few of the major multinational companies are owned and run by business women in the gulf. Still female literacy rates are low and the gulf government’s aims for the near future are ensure that they become equal participants in the work force as they comprise around 50% of the total population. References and Bibliography Bà ©atrice Maalouf, (2006). The GCC: A Union to Be Reckoned With. Congress of the Czech Political Science Society in Olomouc [internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Democratic governance Arabia (2008), United Nations Development Program. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Fasano U and Iqbal Z, (2003).GCC Countries: From Oil Dependence to Diversification. International Monetary Fund. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Figure 1, Fasano U and Iqbal Z, (2003).GCC Countries: From Oil Dependence to Diversification. International Monetary Fund. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. Figure 2 Fasano U and Iqbal Z, (2003).GCC Countries: From Oil Dependence to Diversification. International Monetary Fund. [Internet], Available from: [Accessed 4 April 2008]. GIC Produces Comparative Data on GCC Economies Showing Solid Upturn in 1999 GDP. (2001),