John Keats-ode to autumn Essay Example

John Keats-tribute to harvest time Paper This is the last sonnet Keats composed and is a tribute, which is a verse sonnet routed to someone or something and manages one primary thought. The sentimental artists like Wordsworth, Shelley and Keats utilized this type of sonnet a ton. The Romantics composed of numerous things in their sonnets and accepted their feelings and their creative mind were significant. In this sonnet the primary subject is harvest time which Keats identifies with affection, demise and everlasting status (Romantics were keen on these territories). He depicts Autumns rich pictures and uses them as images for his own emotions. Keats utilizes a develop language to pass on a Romantics perspective on Autumn and nature. In the main verse we are straight away drove into the possibility of something which is warm, charming, smooth and brimming with extravagance pre-winter.. The word harvest time is never utilized aside from in the title so we just know its pre-winter in light of the manner in which Keats paints us an image with words. With words like smooth and productivity being utilized. Keats at that point discusses the sun and how it ages everything in a finished and full manner, And fill all organic product with readiness deeply.. This shows how Keats accepts harvest time starts and summer closes, with the development and readiness of foods grown from the ground. He utilizes definite, intricate and creative language to depict a developing and full Autumn. For instance, when discussing the aging product of harvest time And fill all natural product with readiness deeply and To expand the gourd and full the hazel shells. The utilization of those words swell and plumpin this setting presents an undeniable picture. He shows utilize a late spring leaving and an Autumn entering in bounty and a thought of affection. The line .. later blossoms for the honey bees, Until they figure warm days will never stop, shows how pre-winter can come gradually in with warm sun and late blossoms to such an extent that the honey bees may think it is still summer. Possibly this all identifies with Keats and shows he had arrived at the ripest purpose of his profession. The subsequent verse is Autumn portrayed in a solid manner and shows us visual thoughts. Keats in this verse speaks to Autumn as an individual or soul utilizing words, for example, situated, dozing and watching which are everything one does. For instance, in the lines Sometimes whoever looks for abroad may discover. We will compose a custom exposition test on John Keats-tribute to harvest time explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on John Keats-tribute to pre-winter explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on John Keats-tribute to pre-winter explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Thee sitting imprudent on a storage facility floor, Thy hair delicate lifted Keats plainly shows pre-winter as an individual, utilizing the pronoun thee and words, for example, indiscreet which can just apply to individuals. Another model is the point at which he composes: Steady thy loaded head over a creek; Or by a juice - press with tolerant look with the word persistent obviously a human quality. This exemplification is truly adept at getting over the sentiment of a harvest time day the wrinkles are half-procured there is a winnowing twist yet it isn't cold and unpleasant like winter since he composes they hair delicate lifted by the winnowing wind. In this subsequent verse, he likewise shows what Autumn has and brings its attributes and occupations. This refrain has a sentiment of satisfaction but then temporariness, the juice arrives at its last oozings and the collect is completing while thy snare saves the following area . Harvest time arrives at its pinnacle yet the pinnacle is gradually blurring. Discuss medications to ease torment was referenced Drowsed with the smoke of poppies. This was connecting with one of the Romantics diversions yet perhaps additionally the relief from discomfort for Keats. He depicts corn being snared and juice being squeezed. The entirety of this verse may again identify with Keats life as he knew about his sickness and passing was starting to enter his considerations. The last refrain is significant and utilizes splendid and wonderful language with Keats indicating his bliss in words. Music is a significant subject here with Keats guaranteeing that, such as spring, pre-winter has its own music .. thou hast thy music as well and he utilized words, for example, ensemble, sing, delicate, treble and twitter. The gnats are a wailful ensemble; the fence crickets sing and now with treble delicate, The redbreast whistles. Yet in addition there is a differentiating and to some degree overwhelming subject of death and winter. This is depicted in lines, for example, While banned mists sprout the delicate biting the dust day, and afterward in a wailful ensemble, the little gnats grieve disclosing to us they are going to kick the bucket. The refrain alludes to interminable magnificence present which Keats was keen on and scanned for in the lines support crickets sing redbreast whistles gathering swallows twitter and full developed sheep bleat we are given an image of life . I like his depiction of how the sinking sun contacts the stubble-fields with blushing tint. The last five lines in the refrain stand apart with sounds consolidating to give a low automaton and sentiment of time. The refrain gives a sentiment of rising and falling in similar manners as it leads into winter a cold and dull month. The swallows are gathering preparing to leave for hotter nations and the mists sprout the delicate passing on day . The winter identifies with Keats as he was close to death and Im sure he thought profoundly as he composed the last verse. The entire sonnet presents an alternate and innovative perspective on nature. The sonnet has a differed cadence like a work and it is extremely intriguing how the sonnet is still loaded with extravagance even idea just a single likeness was utilized .. like a gleaner . This sonnet shows Keats as a Romantic and shows his expertise at depicting his life as far as nature and simultaneously enlivening an image of an English harvest time. Show see just The above see is unformatted text This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE John Keats area.

Linux can help you

Linux can support you Reasons Linux Can Help You Become a Better Student It’s time for the school schedule year to commence and may secondary school and college understudies far and wide surely have heaps of contemplations about what anticipates them. The idea of classes’ consistently, home works, tests, courses thus significantly more. Anyway ease on the stress as we are over to give you ways how Linux can make your investigation year simple. We do realize that applications can be of incredible help and giving us an extraordinary school experience.â Have you considered including a working framework that can have the effect? The vast majority are left with Windows and others are admirers of Mac OS X, well its time you attempt Linux, and perceive how extraordinary it will improve your learning year. Get a good deal on a New OS or Laptop Investigate the market estimation of late Window PCs and Mac OS, plainly it will cost you a couple hundred dollars for the windows and for the least expensive Mac you be slowed down in any event a thousand bucks. Linux is free and can assist you with dealing with your spending plan adequately. Linux offers you a completely utilitarian OS for nothing and there are free numerous applications that you can add to give you a pleasant perusing experience. Get a PC, OS, and applications for less measure of cash which implies you have more cash for books and other important things required. It’s Easy to Use Linux have been corrupted by such huge numbers of falsehoods and wrong data from individuals who think nothing about Linux. First they state it’s not easy to use and its everything about the order line. Truth be told, you don’t need to contact the terminal in day by day use and I can reveal to you that the majority of Linux dispersions really rival Windows and OS X in visual intrigue and benevolence. You can basically introduce essential programming like LibreOffice and make the most of your surfing with no hitch of any sort. The old stories of Linux being a terrifying OS is before and everything have changed lately. It’s a typical information on the issues Windows present with the most recent being the investigating issues with refreshes. For understudies time is truly important and with Linux you don't need to manage insane issues this way. Improve Your Problem-Solving Skills Well like some other OS on your first endeavor you certainly will invest some energy learning some fundamental parameters and furthermore profiting yourself some essential critical thinking strategies. Ideal abilities for new understudies to have! Learning is an exceptionally intriguing procedure and consistently difficult at the absolute starting point. Thus, in the event that you hoping to plunge somewhat more profound into Linux, you will confront a few issues toward the start yet it’s alright! Finding out about the Linux OS and contrasting it with other surely understand OS out in the market will give a more grounded base to you and this information can be of extraordinary assistance inside the school and outside condition. There are sure inquiries you will come to discover replies to that will separate you from your friends. Question like what are those envelopes in Linux Root Directory? Add to Your Geek Credentials Windows give a wide scope of base to cover in the event that you decided to examine it yet on the off chance that you need to be an ensured nerd, at that point you have to learn Linux. Doesn’t matter, in the event that you are not in a PC related major! Finding out about Linux resembles visiting the center history of processing. Since you will address the part of Unix which happen to be a prior variant. There is an enormous network online that can assist you with any data or questions. Learning Linux will free you up to the terminal. You will feel distinctive when you can shake through a lot of activity utilizing the order line. With some training, you soon on your approach to making records and organizers, introducing programming, and running framework instruments all with only a couple of keystrokes. This information for the most part don't come in study halls nowadays. Alter it to Your Needs Regardless of what your field of study is Linux is absolutely adaptable to show your necessities. So you can have unlimited authority on what Linux looks like. Linux offers heaps of choices for anybody needing to change their OS. You can likewise make your own distro, consume it to a plate and introduce. I surmise you should have end up in a circumstance where Windows won't permit you roll out certain improvements to a portion of its setting this likewise occurs in Mac OS. So Linux unquestionably is the thing that you need on the off chance that you need to change your working framework to be only a specific way. With Linux your PC turns into an instrument for help, with exact settings, programming and arrangement you make certain to be a triumph. In the event that you don't care for one thing about Linux you can transform it and afterward get familiar with another thing all the while.

Snow has arrived

Snow has arrived I woke up today to blowing snow, the sound of fire trucks (from the firehouse across the street) and a call from our team captain saying that the boathouse was locked, so practice was cancelled. The day is turning into the first snow day I have had in years. The view from my window Back home in Colorado, snow days are few and far between. It usually takes about 18 inches of snow, and ice on the roads to close schools. Being as sunny as it is, this never happened much. There were a few memorable days throughout my school career, but we could go years without one. I’m not sure if Bostonians are less accustomed to snow, or perhaps it really does stick around more (case in point: I had never seen snow turn black), but the four-ish inches we currently have is enough to close down the Institute and the city governments. My IAP so far has taken place mostly in Florida, during winter training for crew. Stick four crew teams together in a hotel, add two practices a day, access to a hot tub and a television, and you get rowers who row, sleep, eat and watch tv. Repeat. It was a great time to bond with teammates (and improve our rowing of course). It was also 70 degrees most days. I unfortunately forgot to take any pictures during our time in Florida, but just imagine the sun, salt water and dolphins. After a tumultuous journey home due to bad weather in Philadelphia, and some help from Derreck ’10 (Thank you so much!), I finally made it home to Cambridge. The past two days have consisted of rowing practice, running errands and working. Today was supposed to be much of the same, but now that the Institute is closed, I have the expanse of an unplanned day sitting ahead of me. First order of business: back to bed.

Working Environment Successful Leaders Must Break Out Of...

In today’s working environment successful leaders must break out of their shells to be successful. Since studying organizational development I have become more cognizant of this fact. Through the study of organizational development, I have seen skills that are strengths for me, and a few I can improve. The following sections will identify the areas of strength I have been successful with and the areas that I realize can be improved. My OD Competency Areas of Strength There are two areas of strength I have identified. The first strength is self-awareness/self-management from the Interpersonal Skills and Personal Characteristics category. The second strength is public speaking from the General Personal Skills category. In the past, I would not have considered these as strengths, but over time they have become an integral asset as I have progressed in my personal life and career. I have been able to utilize them to my advantage in order to receive effective feedback such as constructive criticism or when I have a disagreement with others. The key to effective self-awareness/self-management is knowing yourself and how to handle your emotions as they happen. The older I have become I have been able to analyze situations and people and respond accordingly. By staying aware of my emotions, I will be able to maintain my emotions in check and remain flexible in how I direct my behavior when handling situations and people. A perfect example of this concept was a fewShow MoreRelatedTeam Building1557 Words   |  7 Pagesgroups to cultivate this greater sense of teamwork. Team building is used in many contexts, for example in sport and work organizations. Need for Team Building Modern society and culture continues to become more fluid and dynamic. 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Moreover, traditions such as prom let alone extracurricular activities that cost are out of the question due to the expense. Pikes Peak Community Partners (PPCP) will try to incorporate service learning initiatives with the responsibilities of running a solvent nonprofit. It is PPCP s belief that every child should be able to enjoy theRead MoreJob Motivation Differnce Ampong Male and Female Employees7828 Words   |  32 PagesIntroduction to Motivation There are countless books, seminars, and videos on the subject of motivation, particularly with regard to motivating employees. As businesses continue to try to find ways to squeeze more and more productivity out of a shrinking number of workers, motivating those employees is a critical factor in the business success. Being in a management position is not easy, and not always fun. The position comes with much responsibility and can prove very stressful. Holding a management

Essay on The Ethics of Homosexuality - 1643 Words

â€Å"All men are created equal, No matter how hard you try, you can never erase those words,† Harvey Milk. A homosexual, as defined by the dictionary, is someone of, relating to, or characterized by a tendency to direct sexual desire toward another of the same sex. Homosexuality is ethical, and I will provide rational arguments for, and irrational arguments against the topic. A few objections are as follows: It is forbidden in the Bible and frowned upon by God; It is unnatural; Men and women are needed to reproduce; There are no known examples in nature; and the most common argument that concerns homosexuality is whether it is a choice or human biology. My arguments will be ignoring a major element in factoring the morality of homosexuality,†¦show more content†¦You’re going to have to be nice to your boss to be successful at the business. Disregarding your parents’ advice, you give time and compassion, later to discover there’s nothing different with African Americans. Again, to make a final decision over the morality of homosexuality, it is essential to eliminate all of one’s prejudices. A major reason for the fear and objection towards homosexuality is organized religion. Whether we notice it or not, we as humans follow many everyday concepts from the Bible. Examples would be, to not steal, murder, or commit adultery in marriage. The Bible also states that homosexuality is unethical and should be avoided as other sins. These are all great to follow, if you conform to the rules of the Bible. Religious back up should not be used in order to deem something wrong or unethical. It is essential to understand, to deem homosexuality ethical or not, rational decision-making must occur. One must analyze the pros and cons; if the pros outweigh the cons, homosexuality is ethical, and visa versa. One who explicitly follows an organized religion must follow the rules of a higher power (God). Getting rid of this obstacle will leave room for autonomous decisions on homosexuality, and eventually its place in good ethics. Considering the biological/choice standpoint, one must again not let their beliefs give bias to their opinions. Each and every one of usShow MoreRelatedEthics of Homosexuality857 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Homosexuality Homosexuality has always been a controversial topic of ethical discussion. The morality of the subject depends completely upon a person’s views. A person is often swayed one way or another and religion often plays a very large role on the subject. There are those who believe in the divine command theory and those who believe in the natural law theory. In order to properly understand either theory it is important to know the meaning behind each. According toRead MoreThe Fundamental Mission Of The National Association Of Social Workers1630 Words   |  7 Pagesand competence (Parker-Oliver and Demiris, 2006; Elizabeth, 2012). 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In her essay, â€Å"Homosexuality: A Case Study in Moral Argument,† Catholic theologian Lisa Cahill examines four major authorities and different ways to determine how they work together to produce a cohesive Christian ethic. Though she failsRead MoreSexual Ethics Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pagesdilemmas in sexual ethics such as homosexuality, marriage and divorce and pornography. For instance homosexuality is a major problem within sexual ethics because homosexual sex cannot lead to reproduction. However sexual ethic it differs between denominations compared to government law. Therefore these issues are a concern to religious belief; different faiths have different view on homosexuality or marriage and divorce. 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Act utilitarianism depicts the argument more clearly, because there are certain semantic inconsistencies with Kantian e thical Theory that will be discussed further on. Let us first consider the premise that homosexuality is contrary to Natural Law, because the Natural Law dictates that sexual relationships must be heterosexualRead MoreThe Moral View Of Homosexuality1708 Words   |  7 Pagesargument of homosexuality being considered moral or immoral has been an argument for as long as humans have been in existence. This argument has been viewed by philological experts and people all over the world for centuries and it continues to be a major argument today. The moral view of homosexuality has many arguments, but the arguments that are going to be mentioned are the normative ethics argument, the argument on why the moral law is true when it comes to homosexuality, and why homosexuality should

The Assessment Process Essay Free Essays

Introduction The assisting procedure is a manner for human service professionals to assist those in demand. During the assisting procedure a human service professional is to give their support to clients and to assist the client achieve their ends. and with the aid of the human service professional they can assist the client to develop and turn more efficaciously in their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Assessment Process Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Assessment Process Assessment is an on-going procedure that happens within all client contracts to assist derive and understand the strengths and demands of the client and the whole household. When utilizing appraisal it is to garner the needed information that will fit the client with suited services. During the assessment procedure. the human service assistant establishes who the client is. this is when a working relationship is formed and this is besides when all required consumption signifiers are filled out such as: Insurance Information. Sketching the intent and services of the bureau. Assurances of Confidentiality. Obtaining information releases ( McClam A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . In the assisting stage following is the planning procedure. it helps to set up services. This is when persons are accepted into the bureau for services and they have met the eligibility standards and is now a client of the bureau ( McClam A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . The planning procedure this is when the human service assistant and the client focuses on developing a service program and service bringing. During the planning procedure. helps to give the helper an apprehension of what services might be needed. The following procedure is the execution procedure. which is when the service program is carried out and evaluated. This procedure happens when the assistant provides services THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 3 and is measuring the quality of services. The assistant oversees who is supplying services. how to supervise execution. how to work with other professionals and how to measure the services. During the assisting procedure. the assistant is required to make a instance reappraisal. write studies. and certification of all instances. Case reappraisal can happen during the hebdomadal meetings between the assistant and client and between the assistant and the supervisor. Case reappraisals are common during an appraisal. and instance reappraisals are a portion of the organisation and it helps to guarantee effectual service bringing to clients. Write studies are a manner for the assistant to maintain path of the services the client receives. and written studies paths information such as: appraisals. planning. and execution. rating and the expiration of the instance ( McClam A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . Documentation is ever used. because it paperss the services of the bureau. length of plans. and provides. The helper’s duty is to document all information accurately and in a timely mode. During the assisting procedure the client’s engagement is besides of import. because the assistant establishes the client’s ends. intent. and functions ( McClam A ; Woodside. 2013 ) . Strength-based-approaches are used in each assisting procedure. In the appraisal procedure. the strength-based attack is focused on the positive features. abilities. and the experiences of the client. The strength-based attack in the appraisal procedure. is to garner information about the client’s demands and research resources. The assistant is more focussed on how to assist the client to be more successful ( McClam A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . In the planning procedure. the strength-based attack is to understand the strength of the client for a more positive planning. The client-helper relationship gets stronger for a positive assisting procedure ( McClam A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . Part of the strength-based attack in the planning procedure. the client’s engagement is based on a short/long term ends that is good matched with the client’s values and strengths ( McClam A ; Woodside. 2012 ) . In the THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 4Ã ¾ execution procedure. the strength-based attack is surrounded by the client’s strengths. The helper attending is to the client in which the assistant emphasizes the values of self- finding and duties of the client. Ethical considerations is the codification of moralss that is really of import in the assisting procedure. Ethical consideration illustrates the client’s right to self-government. to make injury. advance fairness and equal entree to service. be responsible to clients. and be honest. Ethical considerations which is govern by the codifications of moralss. which is a guideline for pattern. The assistant is to maintain clients information confidential. THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 5 Conclusion The assisting procedure is really of import. it is to assist clients in puting ends and being successful in life. The assistant is to supply the client with the necessary resources. while maintaining the client information confidential at all times in the assisting procedure. THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 6 Reference McClam. T. . A ; Woodside. M. ( 2012 ) . The Helping Procedure: Appraisal to Termination. Belmont. Calcium: Brooks/Cole. How to cite The Assessment Process Essay, Essays

Gender in international Relations Essay Example For Students

Gender in international Relations Essay Italian Women in Violent Organizations The essay, Mafiosi and Terrorists: Italian Women in Violent Organizations, by Alison Jamieson, discusses the role women have played in violent organizations in Italy. Despite male exclusivity and authoritarianism, women involved in such organizations have come a long way in widening the horizons of female influence in administration and commercial roles. The paper looks at, analyzes and compares two main violent organizations in Italy, the leftist terrorist Red Brigades and the Sicilian Mafia. The Italian feminist movement of the 1960s spurred a new drive toward female activity in violent organizations on the extreme left side. For the majority of women adherents, the feminist cause was an end in itself, but within the growing militancy of the extra-parliamentary Left it was a political exercise ground for a more radical battle and more extreme methods. (Jamieson 53) By insisting on a separate identity and a set of demands that purposely excluded men, women paved their way to higher standing in the extra-parliamentary left. Jamieson also comments that mainstream feminism involves embracing a broader set of goals that explicitly required the use of violence. The fight for female equality and ascendancy in a male dominated society took a great effort and involved a great struggle. Many women joined the armed struggle not only to bring down capitalist society, but also to fight the return of fascism. Susanna Ronconi of the Red Brigades recalls that the choice to abandon the feminist group in which she had militated overtly in favor of clandestine armed struggle had been particularly difficult because it implied breaking off all contact with her mother, who had shared some of her non-conformist views. (Jamieson 54-55) The choice to enter the Red Brigades not only meant sacrificing outside family ties, but choosing to occupy yourself day after day, morning till night with political, organizational, and violent matters. However, the Red Brigades justify the use of violence as an inevitable and necessary starting point in the process of societal change. It is the way in which they achieve their goal, by altering society to be more suitable for their wants and needs. As female involvement increased in the Red Brigades, one would think their influence would increase as well. Though former female members of the Red Brigades report that gender equality was maintained in the organization, it has been proven that no woman had ever sat on the Brigades strategy-making body. Not to say that there was any distinct discrimination, but men were certainly listened to more. However, gender per se does not necessarily seem to have determined differenced in attitudes to the exercise of violence, which were the product of individual character and experience. (Jamieson 56) If a woman had the will to perform in such violent situations, they found the way to make it happen. On the other side of the scale was the right-winged Sicilian Mafia or the Cosa Nostra. Whereas the Italian woman terrorist adopted a consciously exaggerated stand against institutional and societal paternalism, the women of Cosa Nostra have remained trapped inside traditional behavioral patterns. (Jamieson 58) Women of the Cosa Nostra cannot participate directly in acts of violence nor can they hold decision-making positions in the hierarchy of the organization. Despite this, women play a role in this exclusively male organization through the membership of their husbands, fathers and sons. Women are not allowed membership for they are perceived as untrustworthy due to their irrationality and uncontrollable emotion. (Jamieson 60) However, women exhibit a sort of self-control, loyalty and sacrifice that are crucial to their role within the Mafia world. Women hold the reins of a strategic function in Mafia relations, linking together two clans through marriage and objectively reinforcing clan strength. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, women were crucial in the transport and trafficking of drugs across the Atlantic, which meant large sums of money for the Mafia. Women of the Mafia play a minimal role in the everyday life and dealings of the Mafia organization. It is obvious that there is more female participation in the Red Brigades organization than in the Sicilian Mafia. Women in the Mafia had no role except the wife, mother, or daughter of members and the occasional .

To What Extent Can Logic, Math or Music Be Classified as a Language Tok Essay Example

To What Extent Can Logic, Math or Music Be Classified as a Language? Tok Essay To what extent can logic, math or music be classified as a language? â€Å"Mathematics  is the language with which God has written the universe. † Declares the Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher Galileo Galilei, when we think in modern sense language is a system of linguistic signs or symbols. In other words it’s the basis of communication. Some people communicate using sign language while others rely on gestures and facial expressions. Mathematics and music may also be used to communicate to some extent. On the other hand logic is only instrumental and it does not house any intention of communication. Mathematics is the systematic arrangement of numbers. These numbers could sometimes be used as a form of secretive code used for communication. Such codes are often used by agencies such as the NSA in exchanging valuable information. Many teenagers also use an alternative alphabet composed mostly of numbers and symbols, leetspeak (or 1337 ). Although mathematics may be used as a language itself could be able to achieve true meaning while using such means of communication? Is it possible to use this nonverbal communication to express our feelings? We must be blind to truly understand the role of face to face communication in our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Can Logic, Math or Music Be Classified as a Language? Tok specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Can Logic, Math or Music Be Classified as a Language? Tok specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Can Logic, Math or Music Be Classified as a Language? Tok specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It would be impossible for you to use irony, connotation and metaphors. For example, if in our secret mathematical code 1446+ meant go away would there be any way to be sure if you said this in a friendly manner or not. This also makes everything vague and unclear. Raw information is put in front of you, you cannot have your own ideas you must accept what is given to you with no objection Music is an essential to most humans, it is a way of coping with life, and it sometimes may even be used to change the mood of the listener. Your mood shapes the music that you listen to. You would not listen to hard rock or metal after a recent breakup instead you will listen to romantic songs. You will also notice that some songs will make you feel happy. For example whenever I listen to a Beatles song let’s say ‘Love Me Do’ a fun/happy feeling forms inside of me. I do not believe that connotation of music is limited with its lyrics. Even when you listen to the tune of Bob Marley’s ‘Don’t Worry Be Happy ‘ you will find yourself feeling happier (positive connotation) businesses use this a lot in their advertisements in order to get the potential customers attention. Although music does have a sense of connotation and is able to shift your mood it cannot be classified as a language as the only knowledge acquired if any is acquired is one way thus there is no communication. For Aristotle, logic is the instrument by means of which we come to know anything. If logic is merely instrument of knowing can we say that it is a language? Could there be language without logic, logic without language? Since we use our own logic to understand the acquired knowledge and there is no intended communication except that of which is with ourselves. Therefore even though logic pays a major role in the apprehension of knowledge it cannot be classified as a language by itself. â€Å"Mathematics is, as it were, a sensuous logic, and relates to philosophy as do the arts, music, and plastic art to poetry. † Once said the German poet, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel. Mathematics and music are frequently used to communicate, but without knowledge it would not be possible for us to express our ideas and communicate at all. Therefore we can conclude that mathematics music and language are used integrated with logic forming communication. 0nur Basman () l/l V 2

individual & court system essays

individual & court system essays Juries have had their day. Justice is too important to be left in the hands of 12 amateurs who would rather be elsewhere and lack judgement and expertise. The theory behind the use of juries in the justice system is that a group of randomly chosen citizens will represent the will of the entire community. Therefore, theoretically at least, the community as a whole controls the justice system. However, there is argument in favour of replacing juries with informed experts who are better qualified to serve justice in a group of people, because most jurors would rather be elsewhere and lack judgement and expertise. In contrast, some argue that the existing justice system works as desired, and so should not be changed. In order to examine the merits of both arguments, the advantages and disadvantages of juries must be compared, as must the advantages and disadvantages of replacing juries with experts. The main advantage of using juries in the justice system is that, supposedly, the views of the community are reflected in this group of people. By randomly selecting people for jury duty, it is hoped that these people will be representative of the will of the wider community, quite similar in theory to a parliament. The reason that this is said to be an advantage of using juries is that the aim of justice, in the criminal sense, is to protect the community as a whole from undesirable danger, therefore the members of the a community should be able to serve justice themselves. For example, a jury sentenced Tasmanian gunman Martin Bryant to life imprisonment, and this finding was met with resounding approval by the public, demonstrating the effectiveness of using a jury. Unfortunately, the will and views of any community are not defined clearly, and are usually quite diverse, and thus it is doubtful that every jurys findings represent the will of the majority in a community. However, p ositive public reaction to ...

How to investigate a critical evaluation of consumer's mobile phone Dissertation

How to investigate a critical evaluation of consumer's mobile phone buying behaviour regarding to brands in the UK - Dissertation Example ......03 2.2 Relevant Researches†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.05 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...08 3.1 Research Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..08 3.2 Sample†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...09 3.3 Research Tool†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦11 3.4 Data Collection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 3.5 Data Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 3.6 Ethical Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 3.7 Reliability and validity concerns†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦14 3.8 Time scale and Resources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 4. DATA PRESENTATION AND CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 1. INTRODUCTION This paper proposes a dissertation, exploratory in nature in order to identify the factors which influence consumer behaviour in purchase of a mobile phone among university students in London. The main goal is to come up with an explanation of consumer’s choice behaviour in light of the factors which influence their preference of one mobile phone over the other. 1.1 Research Aims The purpose of this st udy is to explore consumer preferences in case of mobile phone purchase among the university students living in London. The aims of this research are therefore: i. To determine which mobile phone brand is most popular among university students in London. ii. To find out what factors influence the preference choice among university students in London while purchasing a mobile phone. 1.2 Research Objectives Following are the objectives for this research, designed to cater the fulfilment of research aims as previously mentioned: i. To conduct a survey based on a specially designed questionnaire meant to gauge the factors which play role in customer’s mobile phone buying behaviour, like: Brand name, price, quality and features offered etc. ii. To find out which mobile phone brand is more popular among university students in London and why is it so. iii. To conduct focus group sessions with a small group of participants to explore the factors involved in consumer behaviour with re spect to purchasing of a mobile. 1.3 Research Question The questions being addressed in this study are to identify the most popular mobile phone among university students in London and to explore the main factors which govern the customer’s choice preference in the purchase of a mobile phone; brand name, price, features offered, quality, past experience of using a mobile etc. 1.4 Rationale for research This topic was chosen for research because it is of interest for the researcher personally and is related to the field of the researcher as well. As the literature review section will reveal, there is ample literature on consumer’s choice behaviour, but there are very few mobile phone brand specific studies and even fewer studies which have specifically explored the area. Although different socio economic, self concept, attribution and learning theories have attempted to explain choice behaviour in consumers, there is no single theory explaining the choice behaviour

The Mentoring Process in Professional Nursing Research Paper

The Mentoring Process in Professional Nursing - Research Paper Example Those educationists who gained formal education to conduct the role of educating nursing students are experiencing various problems. Those who have attained the role of being a faculty member in the profession of nursing are expected to figure out complex issues experienced by the system of health care and to help graduates prepare for being able to analyze and make decisions for situations that are novel to them and these faculty members are even responsible for making the students ready to accept and facilitate change. These members of the faculty are even required to take the role of researchers, promote the profession and even provide their services to the institutions and health care settings they are associated with. A nurse educator has to fit in various roles and the nurse educators are not ready to provide services for all these roles and it is becoming really hard for them to balance their career and their lives in such complex situations. Body The concept of mentoring is a renowned one and used in almost every field to aid individuals to adapt new roles with the assistance of socialization. The conventional relationship between a mentor and his protege used to be of a kind in which the mentor used to provide the pathway and the guidance to the protege and the protege used to follow those methods and guidelines to learn, the relationship between these two individuals used to be supportive in nature. Roche states that those individuals who are able to learn through this method experience great success in career and at a very early age they start working at the management level of the organization. This type of relation ship is very renowned but this type of relationship is not the only relationship that exists between a mentor and mentee. Other methods of mentoring include peer mentoring, where nursing faculty who are at the same stage of their career and work at the same hierarchical level, use their information to assist each other (Grossman, 2012, p .16). Another method of mentoring is recognized as Co-mentoring, in this kind of mentoring program, the teacher and the student both participate equally; the teacher conducts the job of teaching as well as listening (Grossman, 2012, p.16). These two mentoring processes rely heavily on communication and empowering of student and teacher. According to Boice, the new members of the faculty of the profession of nursing experience diminished support from the peer members and this support helps them in eliminating the feeling of isolation they experience in their everyday lives (Utley, 2010, p.338). Boice further states that co-mentoring and peer mentoring are mentoring techniques that does not only benefit the new members of the faculty; it even benefits the experienced ones (Utley, 2010, p.338). The involvement of the new faculty members to the mentoring process is of high benefits because these members bring in new ideas and challenges that the experienced ones might be unaware of. The process of peer mentoring recognizes the fact that even the newer members of the faculty have a lot of information and experience to share and when they participate they feel important and are able to address their issues (Jokelainen, 2011). All the three models of mentoring, collaborative, peer and traditional mentoring process are of great value and none of them can be recognized as obsolete. The base of any mentoring process is communication with other faculty members and sharing of ideas and

Responsibilities And Strategies Of HSBC

Responsibilities And Strategies Of HSBC This report mainly focuses on an organizations stakeholders, market conditions and how firms adapt to different business circumstances. An organization needs to identify mission statement, values and key objectives and how these things influence of stakeholders. Environment of business is important to organization. The company should understand their responsibilities and strategies. They should identify the competitive strategies implemented to gain competitive advantage over competitors. An organization should identify the, what respects are perfect competition and what respect are unlike perfect competition. Introduction History HSBC, in 1882, appointed Delmege Reid and Co. the predecessor of the present Delmege Forsyth and Co. Ltd. as its agency in Colombo. In 1884 the islands economy suffered a severe setback when coffee plantations throughout the country were almost totally destroyed by disease. As a result of this and the folding up of the once great Orient Bank, HSBC saw an opening for a corporate bank like itself. In the early 1920s the bank purchased and began construction on land adjoining the Bank of Madras. HSBC moved into its new home at 24, Sir Baron Jayatilaka Mawatha (which it occupies even today), an impressive landmark in Colombos architectural and business landscape. Through the good times and the bad that followed, HSBC supported Sri Lankan businesses. The Chetty Crisis which began in 1927 was so termed because many Chattier business people were forced to default their loans. While the impression was that foreign banks discriminated against Sri Lankans and did not advance monies freely to local businesses, 50 per cent of HSBCs lending during this time was to Indians and Sri Lankans. With the stationing of the British Air Force in parts of Sri Lanka during the Second World War, HSBC became a hub of activity. During this time and until 1956, the Government of Ceylon kept a very substantial revenue account with HSBC. Today, HSBC has become one of the most profitable banks in the country. Technological Innovations As an innovative bank, HSBC has led the Sri Lankan banking industry into the electronic age with the installation of the nations first online automated teller machine (ATM). HSBC was also the first bank to computerize its operations and to establish an Internet Payment Portal. Furthermore, the introduction of phone banking, personal internet banking and the Groups global electronic banking platforms, such as Hexagon and HSBC net, has greatly enhanced the service they deliver to their customers. Listed below are many firsts from HSBC; Installation of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in Sri Lanka in 1986 Computerized banking operations in Sri Lanka Electronic DC Advising, a quick and easy way for customers to receive their export Documentary Credit and amendments via e-mail or fax. Introduction of electronic banking via Hexagon in 1994 Introduction of self-service banking through Day and Night Automated Banking Centers in 2004 Launch of state-of-the-art banking, internet based electronic banking platform; HSBC net in 2005 Introduction of Security Tokens for added online protection in 2005 Easy Pay machines to facilitate cash and cheque deposits in 2006 Introduction of toll free telephone banking in 2007 1.1 Mission Statement We live the brand values to passionately deliver world-class customer experiences through a dynamic, motivated and professional team, which demonstrates mutual respect whilst providing innovative solutions and continuously outperforming the market to the most sought-after financial service provider admired by all. 1.1.1Values and key objectives To exceed customer expectations in service quality. To be a pioneer in the implementation of technologies those create distinction for its customers, employees and shareholders. To keep its reliability at the utmost level with the contribution of its strong capital structure and liquid assets. To make a positive contribution to the community. To respect meritocracy during hiring processes, improving knowledge and skills of its employees, creating the mostly preferred work environment. Through its core business principles, HSBC functions to accomplish it objectives. HSBC.com lists these as outstanding customer service; effective and efficient operations; strong capital and liquidity; prudent lending policy; and strict expense discipline. HSBC also stresses that commitment by employees helps to create long-term customer relationships, a keystone of the banks profitability model. HSBC.com states this is accomplished through attention to integrity, ethics and managerial oversight. The HSBC Group is committed to five Core Business Principles: †¢ Outstanding customer service †¢ Effective and efficient operations †¢ Strong capital and liquidity †¢ Conservative lending policy †¢ Strict expense discipline HSBCs commitment to its values has allowed the company to accomplish many of its goals for expansion and profitability, as well as commitment to local investment and excellent customer service. HSBC is designed to be both global and local. Bankers Almanac ranked HSBC as the 14th largest bank in the world, in terms of assets, in 2009. In addition, HSBC is carrying its objectives forward into the Information Age: Global Finance Magazine rated HSBC as one of the worlds best Internet banks for 2009 (Anonymous, 2010) 1.1.2 Products 1.2.0 Stakeholders Analysis Stakeholder analysis is needed for the company to identify its most important stakeholder and understand about group around the organization. It will also tell the company which group has the greatest impact to the company. HSBC Sri Lanka has stakeholders such as Customers, shareholders and employees. All stakeholders are very important to the HSBC. Stakeholders of the organization and their Objectives Stakeholder Objectives Managers/Directors To retain control. To direct major decision making. Employees Good working environment. Motivation and satisfaction. To secure their jobs. Customers To receive good customer service. To obtain good value for money from the goods and services. Shareholders To receive dividends. To share the profitability of the business. To share the share price. Suppliers To continue to sell profitably to the business. To be paid fully for goods supplied. Competitors To compete by all lawful means. To differentiate products from other businesses. Government/Legal Institutions To receive tax revenue from profitable firms. To assist the business in accordance with the local and national policy. 1.2.1 Extent to which HSBC achieves the objectives of its stakeholders. HSBC is a fair trading company and is very concerned about the interests of the stakeholders. The objectives and the targets of the company are set in order to satisfy the stakeholders. HSBC listens to the opinions and expectations of the stakeholders including government, shareholders, and customers into business decision making processes. For example, in 2001, based on concerns around marketing to children and existing science on the age when children identify and understand advertising motives, they prevented from advertising to children under eight years of age where they are the majority of the audience. Cadbury plc has given higher concern to the following stakeholders. Strategies or Ways Implemented to achieve Responsibilities and Stakeholder Objectives An organization is responsible to its stakeholders and is responsible to achieve their objectives. Organizational responsibilities and stakeholder objectives is a combined relationship. Achieving the objectives will make the company successful in fulfilling their responsibilities. Responsibilities of Organizations Employees Customers Shareholders Equality To be safe Right to choose Safety To keep informed Right to access information Employees HSBC recruit the best people not considering of age, gender, disability or ethnicity. They aim to attract employees who will be committed to a long-term career with the Group, offering a competitive reward package and career development opportunities within a strong organization with values. HSBC encourages employees to take part in local volunteering programs. HSBC key community investment initiatives incorporate opportunities for employees to get involved by giving their time and sharing their expertise. HSBC annual Global People Survey acts as a measurement for employee engagement and satisfaction. With a 91% response rate in 2009, their employees take the survey seriously. In 2009, 77% of employees said they felt confident that HSBC is moving in the right direction and 83% said that they were proud to work for HSBC. Shareholders Shareholders are the people who invested money in the company. HSBC is a public limited company and can issue shares in the stock exchange. HSBC engage with their shareholders on an ongoing basis, holding regular meetings with fund managers. In 2009 HSBC ran a program of over 900 meetings with institutional investors, including those with a special interest in the Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRI) sector. Customer HSBC aims to offer customers around the world a consistently high quality service and experience using the benefits of their scale, geograp0hic reach and strong brand. HSBC aim is always to treat their customers fairly and with respect and they manage their deposits responsibly. Their lending criteria are strict, taking into consideration their customers views they carry out market surveys and communicate directly with their customers on a regular basis. When customers have difficulties making loan or mortgage repayments, they try to do their best to help them. Sometimes this means restructuring or refinancing their debts, and offering counseling on an individual basis. When access to credit became restricted for commercial customers in 2008. HSBC created a new US$ 5billion global working capital fund for small and medium-sized businesses. This was over and above what HSBC would normally expect to lend. 1.4 Competitive strategies implemented to gain competitive advantage over competitors. Technology First to introduce ATM in Sri Lanka Self service paying machine Internet Banking Telephone Banking Customer Convenience Innovation Global research teams/new systems- cost effective Strong global presence Best practices shared and implemented in other areas Products Global presence Products unique- global features/accepted world wide 1.5 Role of the Competition Commission and regulatory bodies. Competition Commission The Competition Commission is a public body which rule on competition issues referred to it by the secretary of state and the Director General. The Competition Commission replaces the MMC, which was dissolved by the Competition Act 1998 and whose functions were transferred to the CC. The Director General may require the CC to investigate and report on whether the actions of a telecommunications operator licensed under the T Act operate, or may be expected to operate, against the public interest and, if so, whether this could be remedied or prevented by modifications of the conditions of its license. The CC would also be responsible for considering any competition concerns arising from mergers and acquisitions of or by winners of WT Act Licenses, if the Secretary of state, acting on the advice of the Director General of Fair Trading refers that merger or acquisition to the CC for investigation. Regulatory Bodies The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) The Department of Trade Industry is the Government Department responsible for the development of telecommunication policy and the promotion of the telecommunications industry. The Communication and Information Industries directorate of the Department of Trade and Industry deals with national and international policy and regulatory issues, including those affecting the mobile telecommunications market. The department of trade and Industry is responsible for licensing operators to run telecommunication system under the T Act. The Rediocommications Agency (RA) The Rediocommunications Agency is an Executive Agency of the Department of Trade and Industry with responsibility for management of the radio spectrum throughout the UK. The main functions of the Radio communications Agency are formulating policy on the planning and management of the radio spectrum within the UK, co-ordination of UK views and participation in international negotiations on the use of radio, authorizing use of radio by licensing or exemption, formulating technical and operating standards for radio, enforference. The RA is responsible for issuing licenses to use the radio spectrum under the wireless Telegraphy Acts and for monitoring compliance with those licenses and taking enforcement action where necessary. The Office of Telecommunications(OFTEL) The Office of Telecommunications was established by the T Act to support the Director General of Telecommunications in the performance of his duties. The Director General and the Secretary of state have a joint duty to exercise their respective functions under the T Act to secure the provision of telecommunication services throughout the UK and, subject to this, to promote the interests of telecommunications users in respect of the prices charged for, the quality and variety of telecommunication services provided and telecommunication apparatus supplied and to maintain and promote effective competition in the telecommunications market. The Director General has a duty to give the Secretary of state advice and information with respect to licensing of telecommunication systems, at the request of the Secretary of State or where the Director General considers it expedient. OFTEL performs the function of the UKs regulatory authority in telecommunications, monitors compliance with licenses issued under the T Act and takes enforcement action where necessary. The Director General has extensive powers under the T Act, particularly when enforcing or modifying license conditions. If a condition is breached, he can require the license holder to comply by making an order. This is enforceable by third parties or the Director General through civil action. He can also make determinations for example to set out the terms for interconnection between networks where the two operators cannot agree between themselves. The Director General can also require operators or other parties to supply the information needed in order to come to a decision. Task 2 (P3) 2.0 Competition The effort of two or more parties acting independently to secure the business of a third party by offering the most favorable terms. There are two main methods in which firms compete. Price Competition. Non-price Competition. 2.1 Competitive Advantage and Competitive Strategies A competitive advantage is an advantage above competitors gained by offering consumers larger price, each by income of lower prices or by providing larger benefits and service that justifies higher prices. There are two types of competitive advantages found by Michael porter. Cost Advantage Competitive Advantage Similar Product Lower cost Differentiation Advantage Higher Price For unique Product 2.2 Strategies to Gain Competitive Advantage Gaining a competitive advantage can provide a business with a distinct advantage over its competitors. There are two basic approaches to gaining a competitive advantage. These are cost leadership and differentiation. These are the strategies that I feel, should be implemented to gain the competitive advantage. Porters five forces Resources based view Generic Strategy Porters Five Forces The model of porters five forces is used to analyze the value of an industry structure. It identifies five primary competitive forces and enables organizations to adapt the business to take advantage of the opportunities and overcome threats and gain a competitive advantage. (12-manage, 2010) These five forces should be analyzed by the company and develop its market on the forces which are weak. For example if the producer is a low cost producer it will choose powerful buyers and sell them only products that are not vulnerable from substitutes. Also a company is able to achieve a competitive advantage by altering theses forces. For example HSBC can put barriers to new entrants by using unique and capital intensive resources that competitors cannot easily copy and also use resources such as patents and trademarks. Competitive Rivalry Threats of New entry Buyer power Threats of Subsitiution Supplier power Competitive Rivelry Strenght of Competition. Similar size competitors. Financial capability of competition. Growth of the Industry. Treat of new entry Economic of scale. Government Policy. Capital Requirement. Treat of Substitution Number of similar products. Substitut availability of the market. Buyer Power Financial strenght og buyer. Number of competitors. Purchasing volume. Supplier Power Number of suppliers. Number of substitute. By using this model the company can see the position of it self in the market. This analysis can be used to adopt a suitable strategy to gain the competitive advantage. Resource-Based View This strategy emphasizes that in order to gain a competitive advantage; a firm should possess two main features. That is firms should have superior resources and capabilities exceeding its competitors. If not the competitors can easily copy what the firm was doing and the company would lose all the benefits. (QuickMBA, 2007) Generic Strategies Michael porter has found three generic strategies into which business operations can be categorized. They are cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Porter emphasizes that high profits or competitive advantage is a result of two features. He states that firm strengths will fall into one of the two headings which are differentiation and cost advantage and the extent these strengths are applied will result in the generic strategies. (QuickMBA, 2007) Generic Strategy Framework Advantage Cost leadership Differentiation Strategy Strategy Broad Narrow Target Low cost Differentiation (Quick MBA, 2007) Cost Leadership Strategy This generic strategy calls for being the low cost producer in an industry for a given level of quality. By producing the products cheaply than the competitors at a given level of quality the firm can sustain a competitive advantage on cost. This would be very advantageous as when an industry matures and prices decline, firms that can produce cheaply will remain profitable for a longer period. (QuickMBA, 2007) Each generic strategy has its risks, including low cost strategy. Differentiation Strategy This strategy calls for the development of goods that offers unique attributes that are valued by customers and that customers perceive to be better than or different from products of the competition. This strategy is producing products which contain unique features and attributes that consumer prefer to have and which are better and can be distinguished from the competitors products. The value added by uniqueness of the product may allow the firm to charge a finest price for it. (QuickMBA, 2007) Focus Strategy This strategy is concentrates on a narrow market or a segment. The firm can target the cost leadership and differentiation strategy on a particular market segment, this will create a focus cost strategy or a focus differentiation strategy. (QuickMBA, 2007) The advantage of a focus strategy is that the firm is able to meet the needs of customers effectively than if a broad market and for that reason customer loyalty increases. 3.0 Market Structures Market structure is the organizational and other characteristics of a market. We focus on those characteristics which affect the nature of competition and pricing but it is important not to place too much emphasis simply on the market share of the existing firms in an industry. Market structures allow us to analyze how much competition there is among firms making a particular product in an industry. There are four main types of market structures with different characteristics in each of them. Perfect Competition Monopoly Monopolistic Oligopoly Perfect competition Perfect competition is a market structure in which an individual firm cannot affect the price of the product it produces. Each firm in the industry is very small relative to the market as a whole, all the firms sell a homogeneous product and firms are free to enter and exit the industry. Competition policy has the objectives of increasing competition in the economy, or of encouraging firms that are not competitive to behave as if they were, in its role as consumer advocate, the competition authority is often responsible for implementing policy directed at outlawing unethical behavior by business. Perfect competitive market has seven distinguishing characteristics. Large number of buyers and sellers A homogeneous product Perfect knowledge Perfect mobility Freedom of entry and exit Absence of non-price competition The firm is a price taker Example of a perfect competitive market In the Maharagama Market there are many characteristics of a perfectly competitive market. All type of vegetables, fruits and other small goods are sold in this market. There are many customers coming to this market to buy goods for cheaper price. In the Maharagama market, many stalls that have the same prices for many vegetables and fruits of the same quality. It is not because they have fixed the prices together before trading. In this type of market consumers will compare the prices of different stalls and purchase from the cheaper stalls for a given quality. In perfect competitive market has no barrier to enter to the market. Monopoly Competition Monopoly is a single seller supplying the entire output of an industry. The demand curve that it faces is the entire industry demand curve for the good or services it sells. The monopolist sells unique products, and extremely high barriers to entry protect it from competition. A natural monopoly arises because of the existences of economies of scale in which the LRAC curve falls indefinitely as production increases. Without government restrictions, economies of scale allow a single firm to produce at a lower cost than any firm producing a smaller output. Smaller firms leave the industry, new firms fear competing with the monopolist, and the result is that a monopoly emerges naturally. Major elements One seller One product Price-maker Barriers to entry Minimal advertising expenditure Example of Monopoly Competition In Sri Lanka monopoly (sole) producer is government. The electricity and water is provided from the government. There are high barriers to entry in to the market. Barriers such as, Limited resources. Cost of production. Patent Therefore any others cannot enter this market. The government sets the price and there are no other producers to manipulate this. They have full control over the market, they are price makers. Monopolistic Competition A market structure in which several or many sellers each produce similar, but slightly differentiated products. Each producer can set its price and quantity without affecting the marketplace as a whole. Monopolistic competition has characteristics of both competition and monopoly. Similar to competition, it has many firms, and free exit and entry. Example of Monopolistic Competition Consider the Soap industry as an example. There are few large producers of soap in Sri Lanka such as Sunlight, Rani, Zinal, Lifebuoy, and Lux etc. There is competition as in perfect competition but products are not the same. These companies have monopoly in the production of its particular product for the reason that no other firm can produce soap carrying the same name. Oligopoly An oligopoly is a market condition in which the production of identical or similar products is concentrated in a few large firms. Oligopolies have characteristics similar to a monopoly. Example of Oligopoly Consider the cell phones industry as an example. The Cell Phones industry is dominated by a few large firms such as Apple, Nokia, LG, Samsung, and Motorola etc. In the Gas production of Sri Lanka there are only two large known producers that is the Shell Gas Company and the Laugfs Gas Company. These two companies have the highest share of the market and there is a low level of competition. Less Market Control More Many Number of competitors One Perfect Competition Monopolistic Oligopoly Monopoly Market Continuum This is Market Continuum. This diagram shows how the structure of the market changes according to the level of the market control and the number of competitors. 4.0 Market forces Forces of demand and supply representing the aggregate influence of self-interested buyers and sellers on price and quantity of the goods and services offered in a market. In general, excess-demand causes prices and quantity of supply to rise, and excess supply causes them to fall. Supply Increase Price increase Demand Increase Demand falls Price falls Supply falls Demand and Supply Demand is the amount of a particular economic good or service that a consumer or group of consumers will want to purchase at a given price. The demand curve is usually downward sloping, since consumers will want to buy more as price decreases. Demand for a good or service is determined by many different factors other than price, such as the price of substitute goods and complementary goods. In extreme cases, demand may be completely unrelated to price, or nearly infinite at a given price. Along with supply, demand is one of the two key determinants of the market price. Supply is the availability of a product or a service in a market. The law of supply states when prices increase the firms would want to supply more. This is because they want to increase their revenues. Movement along the Curve Changes in price will result in a movement along the curve with the fact that other factors remain unchanged due to the changes in quantity demanded or supply. A fall in the price will result in an extension of demand, quantity demanded will increase. Contraction of Demand is where an increase in price causes demand to fall. For an example an increase in the price of Donuts, while other factors remain unchanged will cause an increase in the quantity supplied. Sellers will move from one point to another point in the same curve. When price increased from P1 to P2, quantity supplied will Price Supply P(2) B P(1) A QS(1) QS(2) Quantity Shift of the Curve The curve shifts to the right or left as a result of changes in any other non-price determinants due to a change in supply or price. The demand curve shifts to the right as a result of an increase in demand while price remains unchanged. The curve shifts to the left as a result of a decrease in demand with price remaining unchanged. For an example demand for cool drinks might fall in the winter season therefore demand decreases due to a non price determinant which causes a shift in the demand curve to left from D to D1 while the price remains unchanged. D D1 P QD QD1 Non- Price Determinants for Demand Changes in consumer incomes. Changes in tastes for consumer goods. Changes in expectations of future prices. Changes in price of Substitutes. Non- Price Determinants for Supply Changes in production technology. Changes in cost of resources. Changes in number of sellers in the market. Changes in expectation of future prices. 4.1 Influences on Firms of Market Forces Demand and Supply influences to a great extent on price. When demand increases suppliers will supply more and as a result the suppliers will increase the prices in order to obtain higher revenue, however when price keeps increasing demand will start falling. Market forces helps firms to determine the market price where the quantity demanded equals to the quantity supplied. This is known as the equilibrium price. Supply and Demand model The point where the supply curve and demand curve meets is the equilibrium price. If the suppliers sell below the equilibrium price then buyers will demand above the supply which creates a shortage in supply. The opposite could also happen where the suppliers sell at a price higher than the equilibrium price which will lead to a surplus of goods. For an example demand and supply of Rice in Sri Lanka. Rice producers created a shortage in the supply of rice with the purpose of increasing the prices. This was an illegal practice this shortage in supply of rice, lead to an increase in demand to a great extent as this was also an essential product. It affected consumers a lot and the consumers were prepared to buy rice at any level of price. This shows that demand and supply can have both negative and positive influences on firms. Changes in quantity demanded a

Content and Process Theories of Motivation Essay

Motivation is simply the methods by which an organisation can encourage it employees to increase their performance, both in quantity of output and in quality. Performance could also be in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and economy in the organisation’s operations. simply put, motivation is about the ways a business can encourage staff to give their best. The term motivation has been defined by different scholars using different formats and views, according to Dr Stephen P. Robbins, this is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal (S. P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour 9ed, p.155). Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary says that motivation is the act or process of motivating, the condition of being motivated, a motivating for a stimulus or influence, incentive, drive. Jones, George & Hill (2000) Motivation as physical forces that determine the direction of a person’s behaviour, a person’s level of effort and a person’s level of persistence in the face of obstacles. S.Hall believes motivation to be a process where members of a group pull together to effect an organisation through loyalty and commitment. some of these authors have gone as far as developing theories and models to help explain the motivation process. These include The Abraham Maslow hierarchy of Needs, Frederick Herzberg’s motivation and hygiene factors etc. Content and process theories of motivation The sum total of motivation theories can be broadly classified into two main categories; the content theories and the process theories. Content Theories deal with â€Å"what† motivates people and it is concerned with individual needs and goals. Authors like Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg and McClelland studied motivation from a â€Å"content† perspective. Content theorists believe that everyone has the same set of needs and expectations from a job. these needs are in physical, social and psychological forms. Process Theories deal with the â€Å"process† of motivation and is concerned with â€Å"how† motivation occurs. Authors such as Vroom, Porter & Lawler, Adams and Locke studied motivation from a â€Å"process† perspective. Process theories are more individualistic. ie they assume each individual has his/her unique set of needs and hence unique motivational factors. Content Theories deal with â€Å"what† motivates people and it is concerned with individual needs and goals. Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg and McClelland studied motivation from a â€Å"content† perspective. Process Theories deal with the â€Å"process† of motivation and is concerned with â€Å"how† motivation occurs. Vroom, Porter & Lawler, Adams and Locke studied motivation from a â€Å"process† perspective.

Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser

Scoring Your Test From the SAT Preparation Bookletâ„ ¢ The materials in these files are intended for individual use by students getting ready to take an SAT Program test; permission for any other use must be sought from the SAT ® Program. Schools (state-approved and/or accredited diploma-granting secondary schools) may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face guidance/teaching purposes but may not mass distribute the materials, electronically or otherwise.These materials and any copies of them may not be sold, and the copyright notices must be retained as they appar here. This permission does not apply to any third-party copyrights contained herein. The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations.Each year, the College Board serves over seven million students and their parents, 23,000 high schools, and 3,800 colleges through major programs and services in college admissions, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT ®, the PSAT/NMSQT ®, and the Advanced Placement Program ® (AP ®). The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns. For further information, visit www. collegeboard. com.  © 2010 The College Board.All rights reserved. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. connect to college success, SAT Preparation Booklet, SAT Reasoning Test, SAT Subject Tests, The Official SAT Study Guide, and The Official SAT Online Course are trademarks owned by the College Board. PSAT/NM SQT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard. com.Correct Answers and Difficulty Levels for the Official SAT Practice Test Get a score report and answer explanations! Enter your answers online at collegeboard. com/ satpracticetest. 72 Getting Ready for the SAT  © 2005 The College Board Scoring the Of? cial SAT Practice Test To have your score calculated automatically, go to www. collegeboard. com/satpracticetest. You’ll receive: †¢ A detailed score report †¢ Answer explanations To calculate your score on paper, check your responses with the correct answers on page 72. Fill in the blanks below and do the calculations to get your mathematics, critical reading, and writing raw scores.Use the tables on pages 75–76 to find your scaled scores. How many multiple-ch oice mathematics questions did you get wrong? Section 2: Questions 1–20 Section 6: Questions 1–8 Total + = (B) Section 8: Questions 1–16 + ? 0. 25 = A–B = Mathematics Raw Score Round the mathematics raw score to the nearest whole number. Get Your Critical Reading Score How many critical reading questions did you get right? Section 3: Questions 1–24 Section 7: Questions 1–24 + Section 9: Questions 1–19 + Total = (A) Use the table on page 75 to find your mathematics scaled score. Get Your Writing ScoreHow many multiple-choice writing questions did you get right? Section 5: Questions 1–35 Section 10: Questions 1–14 + Total = (A) How many critical reading questions did you get wrong? Section 3: Questions 1–24 Section 7: Questions 1–24 + Section 9: Questions 1–19 + Total = (B) How many multiple-choice writing questions did you get wrong? Section 5: Questions 1–35 Section 10: Questions 1–14 + Total = (B) ? 0. 25 = A–B= Critical Reading Raw Score Round the critical reading raw score to the nearest whole number. ? 0. 25 = A–B = Writing Multiple-Choice Raw Score Round the writing multiple-choice raw score to the nearest whole number. C) Use the table on page 75 to find your critical reading scaled score. Get Your Mathematics Score How many mathematics questions did you get right? Section 2: Questions 1–20 Section 6: Questions 1–18 + Section 8: Questions 1–16 + Total = (A) Use the table on page 75 to find your writing multiple-choice scaled score. Estimate your essay score using the Essay Scoring Guide on page 73. ?2= (D) Use the table on page 76, your multiple-choice raw score (C), and your essay score (D) to find your writing composite scaled score. 74 Getting Ready for the SAT  © 2005 The College Board SAT Score Conversion TableThe majority of essay readers teach English, composition, or language arts courses. Each essay is scored ind ependently by two readers on a scale of 1 to 6, with 6 being the highest score. The combined score for both readers will range from 2 to 12. If the two readers’ scores are more than one point apart, a third reader resolves the discrepancy. In scoring the essays, readers follow the scoring guide below. The scoring guide describes the features typically found in essays at each score point, including critical thinking, development, organization, language use, and sentence structure. A student can get a top score on the essay even with minor errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics.The SAT essay neither rewards nor penalizes formulaic approaches to writing, such as the five-paragraph essay. There is no formula for effective writing, no single best way to communicate an idea. Any essay that features clear lines of reasoning, appropriate choices of evidence, ample development of ideas, effective organization, and precise use of language will receive a high score, regardless of style or approach. Readers are trained to recognize and reward a wide variety of essays at each score point. SAT ESSAY Scoring Guide SCORE OF 6 An essay in this category demonstrates clear and consistent mastery, although it may have a few minor errors.A typical essay †¢ effectively and insightfully develops a point of view on the issue and demonstrates outstanding critical thinking, using clearly appropriate examples, reasons, and other evidence to support its position †¢ is well organized and clearly focused, demonstrating clear coherence and smooth progression of ideas †¢ exhibits skillful use of language, using a varied, accurate, and apt vocabulary †¢ demonstrates meaningful variety in sentence structure †¢ is free of most errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics SCORE OF 5 An essay in this category demonstrates reasonably consistent mastery, although it will have occasional errors or lapses in quality. A typical essay SCORE OF 4 An essay in this category dem onstrates adequate mastery, although it will have lapses in quality. A typical essay effectively develops a point of view on the †¢ develops a point of view on the issue and issue and demonstrates strong critical thinking, demonstrates competent critical thinking, generally using appropriate examples, reasons, using adequate examples, reasons, and other and other evidence to support its position evidence to support its position †¢ is well organized and focused, demonstrating coherence and progression of ideas †¢ exhibits facility in the use of language, using appropriate vocabulary †¢ demonstrates variety in sentence structure †¢ is generally free of most errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics †¢ is generally organized and focused, demonstrating some coherence and progression of ideas †¢ exhibits adequate but inconsistent facility in the use of language, using generally appropriate vocabulary †¢ demonstrates some variety in sentence structure †¢ has some errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics SCORE OF 3 An essay in this category demonstrates developing mastery, and is marked byONE OR MORE of the following weaknesses: †¢ develops a point of view on the issue, demonstrating some critical thinking, but may do so inconsistently or use inadequate examples, reasons, or other evidence to support its position †¢ is limited in its organization or focus, or may demonstrate some lapses in coherence or progression of ideas †¢ displays developing facility in the use of language, but sometimes uses weak vocabulary or inappropriate word choice †¢ lacks variety or demonstrates problems in sentence structure †¢ contains an accumulation of errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics SCORE OF 2 An essay in this category demonstrates little mastery, and is flawed by ONE OR MORE of the following weaknesses: †¢ develops a point of view on the issue that is vague or seriously limited, and demonstrates weak crit ical thinking, providing inappropriate or insufficient examples, reasons, or other evidence to support its positionAn essay in this category demonstrates very little or no mastery, and is severely flawed by ONE OR MORE of the following weaknesses: †¢ develops no viable point of view on the issue, or provides little or no evidence to support its position †¢ is poorly organized and/or focused, or †¢ is disorganized or unfocused, resulting in a disjointed or incoherent essay demonstrates serious problems with coherence or progression of ideas †¢ displays very little facility in the use of language, using very limited vocabulary or incorrect word choice †¢ demonstrates frequent problems in sentence structure †¢ contains errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics so serious that meaning is somewhat obscured  © 2005 The College Board †¢ displays fundamental errors in vocabulary demonstrates severe flaws in sentence structure †¢ contains pervasive err ors in grammar, usage, or mechanics that persistently interfere with meaning Getting Ready for the SAT 73 Essays not written on the essay assignment will receive a score of zero. Sample Essays for the SAT Practice Test Essay #1: This essay received a score of 6 Americans nowadays are far too concerned with their privacy. In our culture of large houses, home security systems, and private counslers, everyone is trying too hard to seclude themselves and cut off their emotions with the outside world. Two summers ago some friends of mine and I went on a trip to Thailand for one month.In Thailand I observed how communicative Thais were with all of their problems and emotions, and I became convinced that this culture of sharing one’s emotions was far superior to the American way of hiding them. In America we all are individualists, meaning we all care about standing out in a crowd and making a unique, strong impression. So when my friends and I arrived in a small village in the Nort h of Thailand, we were somewhat shocked to find that Thais centered around groups, not individual people. When it came to emotions, if someone had a problem, the group had a problem, and everyone would try and fix it. It was as if the entire village was one large team that had a mission to help all of its individuals. No one was left in isolation.In contrast, we Americans hid all of our stressful or other serious emotions. We were concerned once again with our appearance, how we would be judged by our friends, and whether or not it suited our unique identity. For us, it was â€Å"every man for himself. † If someone had a problem, it was up to them to fix it. The advantages of this might be that everyone learns to solve their problems on their own, but people are then not learning how to communicate their problems, they are not learning how to communicate in a group. For example, my friend Duncan had recently got refused by a college he had had his heart set on, and he was fee ling depressed about it.While in Thailand we all asumed that he was doing ok because he never talked about it. After one month however, all of us in the group had grown closer together and we started to share our feelings more. Duncan confessed to us that he was still upset about his college refusal, and we all worked together to cheer him up and get rid of his depression. There was nothing â€Å"weak† about him feeling upset. In fact, he showed us strength by being brave enough to express himself to us. Should people keep their emotions private? If they have serious emotions that they hold inside of themselves, most likely these emotions will be a lot harder to make go away.Thai culture, and the Thai way of solving problems as a group, convinced me that people are meant to express themselves in a group. Confessing one’s emotions to others is a way to cope with problems, and it teaches us valuable lessons of communication and honesty. People need to confess their probl ems, not keep them private. Why Essay #1 Received a Score of 6 This essay demonstrates outstanding critical thinking in effectively and insightfully developing a point of view on the issue (â€Å"Confessing one’s emotions to others is a way to cope with problems, and it teaches us valuable lessons of communication and honesty†) with a clearly appropriate example from personal experience.Well organized and clearly focused, the essay uses an account of a trip to Thailand to illustrate the point that Americans, who â€Å"all care about standing out in a crowd† and thus conceal â€Å"all of our stressful or other serious emotions,† â€Å"need to learn the Thai way of solving problems†¦people are meant to express themselves in a group. † The essay demonstrates smooth progression of ideas (â€Å"Duncan confessed to us that he was still upset about his college refusal, and we all worked together to cheer him up†¦There was nothing ‘weakâ⠂¬â„¢ about him feeling upset. In fact, he showed his strength by being brave enough to express himself to us†) and uses language skillfully throughout.This essay demonstrates clear and consistent mastery and earns the top score of 6.  © 2005 The College Board Essay #2: This essay received a score of 6 I cannot help but believe, despite my slight ambivalence over the issue of privacy, that the trends which now-adays indicate a slight reluctance on part of people to keep some things private, are dangerous. Shows like â€Å"Jerry Springer† in the USA tend to reveal information that is inherently dangerous for young children, and thus should be kept private. A problem with capitalism that I have become cognizant of, through my observations, is that if some activity can help amass profits, it is widely employed.This almost insane drive to attain profit maximization not only ignores external and societal costs, but is setting dangerous cultural precedents. Since lurid, sen sationalist confessions by ‘average’ people are quite appealing to the general television viewer, it is unsurprising that myriad shows have propped up on television, which pander to these very wants by exposing stories and information which is better kept dissembled. In this context, the show ‘Jerry Springer’ epitomizes my argument. In this show, an array of family problems are presented to an audience, not for information dissemination, but for ‘entertainment’; In this case, which means—and I think this is quite obvious—nothing but mockery and amusement over the antics of people who choose to expose their problems.These ‘personal predicaments’ range from some less disturbing ones, such as people cheating on their friends or marital partners, to extremely grave ones, such as people sleeping with their relatives. I am not someone who would like to contravene principles like freedom of expression, or freedom of choice. But democracy as a system doesnot herald absolute freedom for its own sake; rather, it champions the cause of ‘live and let live’. The latter principal is surely being violated by people who choose to expose such stories— for no plausible reasons I can conjure, since no family problem has actually been solved by such shows—to impressionable young children; for TV ratings and parental supervision do not always work. Am I exaggerating?Is it not harmful or psychologically detrimental when a child is exposed to such ideas? You be the judge. Why Essay #2 Received a Score of 6 This essay demonstrates clear and consistent mastery, effectively and insightfully developing a point of view on the issue (â€Å"the trends which now-a-days indicate a slight reluctance on part of people to keep some things private, are dangerous†) with clearly appropriate reasons and examples. The essay displays outstanding critical thinking in linking the â€Å"harmful or psycho logically detrimental† behavior publicized on the â€Å"Jerry Springer† television show with capitalism’s â€Å"almost insane drive to attain profit maximization. The essay is well organized and clearly focused, demonstrating smooth progression of ideas (â€Å"I am not someone who would like to contravene principles like freedom of expression, or freedom of choice. But democracy as a system doesnot herald absolute freedom for its own sake; rather, it champions the cause of ‘live and let live’. The latter principal is surely being violated by people who choose to expose such stories—for no plausible reasons I can conjure, since no family problem has actually been solved by such shows—to impressionable young children†). The essay also exhibits skillful use of language, featuring precision and variety in vocabulary and sentence structure.This outstanding essay receives the top score of 6.  © 2005 The College Board Essay #3: This essay received a score of 5 People no longer respect the privacy of others or of themselves. This is evident through the exposure of famous peoples’ lives, the â€Å"showing off† of possessions and sex appeal, and pornography. Society should learn to respect the privacy of others despite the urge to get involved. One of the most common places privacy is violated is among famous or upper class groups. The reason society feels a need to know everything that goes on in a famous person’s life is because of jealousy. People constantly remind the rich and the famous that their lives are not â€Å"perfect. For instance, when Brittany Speare’s married her limosine driver and then divorced him eight hours later, everyone read it in the tabloids, newspapers, saw it on the television and heard of it on the radio. Another reason why such people are constant victims of over exposure is because the media takes advantage of certain situations in order to increase their ratings and profit. A popular practice, especially found in the United States and European countries, is the â€Å"showing† off of possessions. People want the world to know that they have money and own an Escalade or Rolls Royce. MTV has a show called CRIBS, which shows the audience the interior and exterior of rich multi-million dollar homes of famous musical artists. Also, the â€Å"showing† off of bodies and the use of sex appeal has become almost a necessity in the fashion business.Women and men completely expose their bodies in an effort to make money and become famous. This has a negative effect on society because it leads to a decline in self confidence and people, especially young teen girls, in an attempt to look like super models, starve themselves. Pornography is another aspect of life that should be private. Sex is a sacred act that is shared between a man and a woman yet people, such as Paris Hilton, have violated and abused it. This brings the idea that sex sells. Society should not overexpose their bodies, money, or the private lives of others. This could help decrease the amount of crimes, teen pregnancies, and identity theft. Why Essay #3 Received a Score of 5This essay effectively develops a point of view on the issue (â€Å"Society should not expose their bodies, money, or the private lives of others†) with appropriate reasons and examples. The well-organized essay uses strong critical thinking to explain how people are hurt by the lack of privacy in today’s image-focused, media-saturated society (â€Å"Women and men completely expose their bodies in an effort to make money and become famous. This has a negative effect on society because it leads to a decline in self confidence and people, especially young teen girls, in an attempt to look like super models, starve themselves†). The essay exhibits facility in the use of language (â€Å"People no longer respect the privacy of others or of themselves.This is evident through the exposure of famous peoples’ lives, the â€Å"showing off† of possessions and sex appeal, and pornography†). To earn a score of 6, the writer needs to use stronger critical thinking to explain more fully how celebrity overexposure and pornography are harmful to society. This essay demonstrates reasonably consistent mastery and earns a 5.  © 2005 The College Board Essay #4: This essay received a score of 5 For a person to be honest, he need not share every aspect of his life. It is not dishonest to not mention a fact that was not inquired about. Even if it was asked of, one can easily say, truthfully, that they care not to speak of the issue.People in our modern society should make an effort to keep aspects of their lives private, for it would give them and others many problems, most of which are much greater than dishonesty could ever be. Many issues are personnal, and relevant only to you. There is no reason why personnal information shou ld be shared, unless it is by the will of that person, or in order to solve a larger problem. In the United States, we have our government separated from our religious institutions, and for good reason. People should be allowed to worship however they choose, and the rest of the world should have no effect on it, as guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.However, this is not always the case. In the Nazi-controlled Europe of WWII, Jews were forced to wear a Star of David on their arm to show they were Jewish and therefore were shunned. Their right to privacy was violated, and should not have been. In the world today, there are many diverse cultures. The United States, for example, has races from all over the globe. Many people have opinions about some of these different races and the beliefs that correlate. Groups such as the KKK outwardly show their opinions of other ethnic groups, in many cases violently. For the safety of themselves and the ones they shun, they should keep their opinion s private.Even on the smaller scale, if two people were to divulge all their opinions and beliefs to the other, they would no doubt find many ideas upon which they disagree. Instead of ignoring their minute differences and getting along well, they chose, by not keeping their ideas private, to bring them out and possibly argue heatedly about them. There are many more instances in which privacy should be honored, but these two should give an adequate idea of why privacy is very important to a peaceful society. Why Essay #4 Received a Score of 5 This essay demonstrates strong critical thinking in developing a point of view on the issue (â€Å"privacy is very important to a peaceful society†) with appropriate reasons and examples.Well organized and focused around the idea that privacy helps people avoid â€Å"many problems, most of which are much greater than dishonesty,† the essay displays coherence and progression of ideas, first citing the violation of Jews’ priv acy under the Nazis, then explaining that in today’s world of diverse cultures, little good comes of people â€Å"divulg[ing] all their opinions and beliefs. † The essay exhibits facility in the use of language and demonstrates variety in sentence structure (â€Å"Groups such as the KKK outwardly show their opinions of other ethnic groups, in many cases violently. For the safety of themselves and the ones they shun, they should keep their opinions private†). To achieve a score of 6, the writer needs to explain the link between the two examples more insightfully. The essay is effective and earns a score of 5. Essay #5: This essay received a score of 4 J.David Velleman had an idea that many may believe as truth, however, when looking at the entire picture it is clear that in all free countries everyone has a right to keep things to themselves. In our very own constitution we have dedicated the 4th Amendment to protecting people from incriminating themselves in the court of law. People every day do things and refuse to tell others about their actions. If a person truely wants to keep something private then that person has the right to do so. Our culture becoming a far too confessional and selfexpressive is not a true statement in that people have and will always have the ability to keep something private if they want to. Our culture in America is growing closer to utilizing therapy as a tool to improve their state of mind and well being.This, however, requires a person to be more open so that a trained professional can use their skills to help solve problems. However, at the begining of the 1st therapy session the therapist is required to tell the person or group that they do not need to share something if they dont wish to. This then gives the choice to the patient who decide what to tell and what not to tell. In the past some might say that people were forced into saying things more than in our present day culture. The Spanish Inquisition t ortured their victims and forced them to say things even if it wasnt true in order to sentance the person to death. It is an obvious choice that therapy is a far better way of opening a person up.  © 2005 The College Board Why Essay #5 Received a Score of 4This essay develops a point of view on the issue (â€Å"If a person truely wants to keep something private then that person has the right to do so†) with reasons and examples that adequately support the position, thus demonstrating competent critical thinking. Generally focused around the idea that people in contemporary America enjoy the right to privacy, a right that people have not always possessed, the essay features some coherence and progression of ideas (â€Å"In the past some might say that people were forced into saying things more than in our present day culture. The Spanish Inquisition tortured their victims and forced them to say things even if it wasnt true in order to sentance the person to death. It is an obvious choice that therapy is a far better way of opening a person up†). The essay exhibits adequate facility in the use of language despite some errors.To earn a higher score, the writer should further develop the interesting contrast between therapy and the Spanish Inquisition with additional focused reasoning and other evidence. This competent essay receives a score of 4. Essay #6: This essay received a score of 4 People should have a choice whether they want to keep their own matters private, and the public should respect people’s decisions. If people want to keep their matters private, they should not have to make an effort. An example of â€Å"confessional and self-expressive† matters is a diary. Many people express their deepest thoughts and feelings in diaries and journals. Some people, such as celebrities, choose to publicize their diaries. If such is their desire, no one should have a problem.Some celebrities just want average people to know what a fam ous is actually like. These inside peeks can be entertaining and informative. On the other hand, if people choose to keep their diaries secret, then others should respect them. People can use diaries to disclose embarrassing, revealing secrets that would otherwise eat away at them. People can use their diaries as an escape. Others should not violate their privacy for no reason. Of course, sometimes people do have a good reason for invading someone’s privacy and reading his/her diary. Because people often think that no one who matters will ever read their diaries, they can reveal their innermost thoughts. These diaries can be important to historians.For example, Anne Frank’s powerfully moving diary revealed a great deal about life during the Holocaust. Her diary has proven to be an excellent primary source. Another important diary is Go Ask Alice. Alice’s diary opens up the world of drugs. Her story can be used to help other drug-addicted teens or to prevent peop le from trying drugs. Thus, opening up diaries to the public can be very useful. Clearly, there are benefits to keeping certain things private or public. Why Essay #6 Received a Score of 4 This essay demonstrates competent critical thinking in developing a point of view on the issue (â€Å"Clearly, there are benefits to keeping certain things rivate or public†) through a generally focused discussion of diaries. The essay uses adequate reasons and examples to examine both sides of the privacy debate (â€Å"If people want to keep their matters private, they should not have to make an effort†¦. Of course, sometimes people do have a good reason for invading someone’s privacy and reading his/her diary†). The essay demonstrates some progression of ideas and exhibits adequate facility in the use of language (â€Å"These diaries can be important to historians. For example, Anne Frank’s powerfully moving diary revealed a great deal about life during the Holo caust. Her diary has proven to be an excellent primary source†).To achieve a higher score, the writer should use critical thinking to reconcile the opposing sides of the issue, perhaps by answering the question, â€Å"when, exactly, is it acceptable to read someone else’s diary? † The essay is competent and receives a score of 4.  © 2005 The College Board Essay #7: This essay received a score of 3 I think that you should not have to keep everything private. People have a lot of views, ideas, stories, etc. and if they feel that it is necessary to tell them, then let them. I think that if it is helpful, necessary, or comforting to the person talking or talking to, then anyone should be able to talk about it. My first example is if someone was having a problem.If this person is feeling really bad and their friend (peer) wants to tell them how they feel about the topic, then keeping it private is the wrong thing to do! The feelings that the second person is express ing to the first could be extremely helpful. My second example is that some people solve their own problems by talking about it. Often times when someone is having some kind of problem, speaking out and letting people know how they feel can help them. Just hearing themselves talk about it can really help a person. This doesn’t mean that you have to physically talk about it to another human. As long as you aren’t screaming at someone that you don’t know, then let it go.My last example is if you knew something or had an opinion on something that could greatly help you or someone else from doing something that is physically or mentally damaging. For example suicide. No one wants you to keep your feelings in if it is going to be something dangerous like this. I think that if it is helpful, necesarry or comforting to the person talking or talking to, then anyone should be able to say what you feel. Why Essay #7 Received a Score of 3 This essay demonstrates some criti cal thinking in developing a point of view on the issue (â€Å"I think that if it is helpful, necessary, or comforting to the person talking or talking to, then anyone should be able to talk about it†) with reasons or examples.However, the evidence provided is limited in focus and is inadequately developed to support the position (â€Å"My last example is if you knew someone or had an opinion on something that could greatly help you or someone else from doing something that is physically or mentally damaging. For example suicide. No one wants you to keep your feelings in if it is going to be something dangerous like this†). The essay also displays developing facility in the use of language. To attain a higher score, the writer should improve the focus of the evidence provided, perhaps by including examples of actual situations in which â€Å"speaking out† was beneficial. This essay demonstrates developing mastery and earns a 3. Essay #8: This essay received a sc ore of 2 I feel that people should keep things more private, but some things should be expressed.People should keep things more quiet, because thats how rumors get out, when people talk about something they don’t really know about well. If people kept quiet then rumors wouldn’t get started, and as long as they kept quiet, it gives them more time to learn the truth. If things were kept in private, maybe there would not be wars and terrorism. People would get along and not have to argue over dumb stuff. Most bad things happen because someone says something wrong. In that case if people kept their opinions private, there wouldn’t be anything spoken wrong. I also think somethings should be expressed, like if there was something bad going to happen to the country, people would speak about it, instead of keeping it quiet.Some others that shouldn’t be kept quiet would be deaths, so people could hear if they knew the person or not. Basically any thing important t o the country and families should not be kept private. The only way it should is if they wanted it too. Overall, I feel that you can say what you want, but make sure you are speaking the truth and if not keep it private.  © 2005 The College Board Why Essay #8 Received a Score of 2 This essay develops a vague point of view on the issue (â€Å"I feel that people should keep things more private, but some things should be expressed†) and provides insufficient evidence to support the position, thus demonstrating weak critical thinking.The essay is poorly focused, displaying serious problems with progression of ideas and the use of language (â€Å"Some others that shouldn’t be kept quiet would be deaths, so people could hear if they knew the person or not. Basically any thing important to the country and families should not be kept private. The only way it should is if they wanted it too†). To earn a higher score, the writer should offer adequate, developed reasons and examples that clarify the distinction between what should be expressed and what should be kept private. This essay is seriously limited and receives a score of 2. Essay #9: This essay received a score of 1 In life people’s privacy are viewed on different levels.It depends on how serious their secret is. If it is very serious they will do anything to keep it private if not they will tell in time. Our culture has been viewed by all and in the opinions of the world i guess, some think it needs to be like it is, too where we know what’s going on in the world. Others don’t want to know but when they do find out it freaks them out, to were their paranoid. Our cultures privacy is our opinion. It should in some ways be kept a serious secret and they should take more effort to keep it private. If not that serious it will be told in time, just like when Bush went to Iraq for Thanksgiving. Why Essay #9 Received a Score of 1This essay develops no viable point of view on the issue, offering only disjointed, unfocused statements about privacy (â€Å"Our cultures privacy is our opinion. It should in some ways be kept a serious secret and they should take more effort to keep it private†). The essay displays severe flaws in sentence structure (â€Å"If it is very serious they will do anything to keep it private if not they will tell in time†) and contains pervasive errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics that interfere with meaning (â€Å"when they do find out it freaks them out, to were their paranoid†). To achieve a higher score, the writer needs to present a clear point of view and support it with relevant reasons and examples. This essay demonstrates no mastery and receives a score of 1.  © 2005 The College Board